托福阅读场景词汇：地质类英语词汇一节【新航道原创】

地质  泛指地球的性质和特征。主要是指地球的物质组成、结构、构造、发育历史等，包括地球的圈层分异、物理性质、化学性质、岩石性质、矿物成分、岩层和岩体的产出状态、接触关系，地球的构造发育史、生物进化史、气候变迁史，以及矿产资源的赋存状况和分布规律等。看到地质定义，同学们可能会觉得地质相关的英语词汇会比较难，实事上也是这样的，为了帮助大家的托福阅读考试，小编特汇总了托福阅读中常用到的地质词汇信息，下面来一起学习吧！

相关内容推荐：

地质类英语词汇（一）
地质类英语词汇（二）
地质类英语词汇（三）
地质类英语词汇（四）
地质类英语词汇（五）
地质类英语词汇（六）
地质类英语词汇（七）
地质类英语词汇同义词替换

托福阅读场景词汇：地质类英语词汇一节

sediment  

释义.n. 沉积物;沉淀物

例句. Petroleum, consisting of crude oil and natural gas, seems 1o originate from organic matter in marine sediment. (TPO 4-3)

派生.sedimentary adj.沉积的;沉积形成的

Sedimentation n.沉积(作用)

climate  

释义。n.气候;气候区;倾向

例句. Data from diverse sources, including geochemical evidence preserved in seafloor sediments, indicate that the Late Cretaceous climate was milder than today's. (TPO 8-2)

派生。Climatic adj. 与某一地区气候有关的

climatological adj.与气候学有关的

fossil

释义。n. 化石

例句. The fossil record shows at least five mass extinction in which  many families of marine organisms died out. (TP015-2)

派生。Fossilize v.(使)变成化石， 石化

Fossilization n.化石作用

dry

释义。adj.干的;干旱的V. (使)变干

例句。They occur primarily in regions of recent volcanic  activity hot, dry rock; natural hot water. or natural steam. (TPO21-1)

glacier

释义。n.冰川

例句。For example, during past ice ages, glaciers advanced through North America and Europe and gradually cut off parts of populations from one another (TPO 31-1)

派生. glacial adj.冰河时代的，冰川的

glaciation n.冰河作用:冰蚀

air

释义。n.空气:天空V踪晒;通风

例句. Air cannot penetrate between the soil particles, making the soil oxygen-poor. (TPO 31-3)

iron  

释义. n.铁;熨斗adj.坚强的V发烫

例句。The iron industry's appetite for wood was enormous, and by 1740 the British iron industry was stagnating. (TPO 34-2)

volcano  

释义。n.火山

例句。When the Hawaiian lslands emerged from the sea as volcanoes  starting  about five million years ago, they Were far removed from other landmasses. (TPO 9-3)

派生，volcanic adj. 火山的;猛烈的;暴烈的

desert  

释义. n.沙漠

例句. The camel transformed the desert from a barrier into a still difficult, but more accessible, route of trade and communication. (TPO 7-3)

派生。Desertification n. 沙漠化

layer  

释义。n.层:层次v把-.分层堆放

例句. As the basin was refilled , normal marine organisms returned.

Soon layer of oceanic ooze began to accumulate above the old hard layer. (TPO 7-1)

dense

释义。adj. 稠密的;密集的;浓密的

例句. As evaporation continued, the remaining brine (salt water) became so dense that the calcium sulfate of the hard layer  was precipitated. (TPO 7-1)

派生. Density n. 密度

coast

释义. n.海岸;海滨V.滑行，惯性滑行

例句. Both were also from Miletus (located on the southern coast of present-day Turkey) and so, like Thales, were members of the Milesian School. (TPO 37-3)

派生. coastal adj.沿海的;海岸的

atmosphere  

释义. n. 大气;大气层;气氛

例句. These include the chaotic fluctuations of the atmosphere, the slower but equally erratic behavior of the oceans, changes in the land surfaces, and the extent of ice and snow. (TPO 10-2)

派生。atmospheric adj.大气的;令人激动的

gas  

释义。n.气体;瓦斯

例句。A century earlier, Henry Cavendish had noted the existence of a residual gas when oxygen and nitrogen are removed from air, but its importance had not been realized. (TPO 16-2)

Deposit

释义。V. 使沉淀;存储n.订金;押金

例句。It was also apparent that the glaciation occurred in the relatively recent past because the drift was soft, like freshly deposited sediment. (TPO 19-3)

派生。Deposition n. 沉积(物);(法律)证人陈述;罢免

Impact

释义。n.巨大影响;冲撞

例句。However, these same cycles of change had momentous impacts on the sparse human populations of the region(TPO20-2)

continent  

释义。n. 大陆;陆地

例句. Some plates carry islands or continents others form the seafloor. (TPO 27-2)

派生。Continental adj. 大陆的n. (欧洲)大陆人

geology

释义。n.地质学;( 某地区的)地质情况

例句，James Hutton(1726-1797), known as the founder of modern geology, was the first to have the important insight  that geologic process  are cyclic in nature. (TPO 35-1)

派生。Geological adj.地质(学)的

Oxygen

释义，n.氧气

例句.So, these fish had already evolved one of the prime requisites for living on land: the ability to use air as a source of oxygen.(TPO 44-1)

Groundwater

释义。1.地下水

例句. Groundwater commonly collects in stream drainages but may remain entirely beneath the surface of dry stream-beds in arid regions. (TPO 28-1)

Chemical

释义。adj. 化学的;化学作用的n.化学制品;化学品

例句. All these diverse constituents are aggregated together to form chondritic meteorites, like Allende, that have chemical compositions much like that of the Sun. (TPO 22-3)

派生. Chemisty n.化学;物质的化学组成(或性质)

formation

释义。n.形成:组成:形成物

例句. But there is no evidence for such an interacting communicative network in a climax plant formation. (TPO 19-2)

Carbon

释义.n.(化学)碳

例句. We now know the age of the glaciation accurately from radiometric dating of the carbon-14 in logs buried in the drift.(TPO 19-3)

Particle

释义. n.颗粒;微粒;[物]粒子

例句. Another solution for such animals is to forage in particular layers of water where the particles may be more concentrated. (TPO45-3)

clay

释义。n.黏土

例句. The clay tablets usually were not fired; sun drying was probably reckoned enough to preserve the text for as long as it was being used. (TPO 39-1)

crater

释义。n.坑;火山口

例句.Geologists think that this fluidized ejecta crater indicates that a layer of permafrost, or water ice, lies just a few meters under the surface. (TPO 25-1)

Isolate

释义. v.(使)隔离，孤立

例句. It is difficult to isolate the factors that led to the next development-the emergence of urban settlements. (TPO 26-3)

派生。Isolation n. 隔离;隔离状态;孤独