雅思写作很重要的一点是要学会运用正确的语言而不是一个词重复好几遍。在写雅思作文的时候，有些烤鸭会感觉，明明有很好的想法，却不知道如何去表述。

Let’s start by looking at language for general explanations of complex points.我们先来看看在解释复杂观点的时候可以用到的英文说法。

1. In order to用法→ “In order to” can be used to introduce an explanation for the purpose of an argument.

例子→ “In order to understand X, we need first to understand Y.”

为了理解X，我们要先知道Y是什么。

2. In other words用法→ Use “in other words” when you want to express something in a different way (more simply), to make it easier to understand, or to emphasise or expand on a point.

例子→“Frogs are amphibians. In other words,they live on the land and in the water.”

青蛙是两栖动物。换句话说，他们既生活在陆地上，也可以生活在水中。

3. To put it another way用法→ This phrase is another way of saying “in other words”, and can be used in particularly complex points, when you feel that an alternative way of wording a problem may help the reader achieve a better understanding of its significance.

例子→ “Plants rely on photosynthesis. To put it another way, they will die without the sun.” 植物依靠光合作用。换句话说，没有阳光它们就活不下去。

4. That is to say用法→“That is” and “that is to say” can be used to add further detail to your explanation, or to be more precise.

例子→“Whales are mammals. That is to say, they must breathe air.”

鲸鱼是哺乳类动物。也就是说，他们必须呼吸空气。

5. To that end用法→Use “to that end” or “to this end” in a similar way to “in order to” or “so”.

例子→“Zoologists have long sought to understand how animals communicate with each other. To that end, a new study has been launched that looks at elephant sounds and their possible meanings.”

动物学家们需要长期的探索去了解动物互相之间是如何交流的。为了达到这个目的，一个关于大象声音以及它们可能代表含义的研究已经发布了。

Students often make the mistake of using synonyms of “and” each time they want to add further information in support of a point they’re making, or to build an argument. Here are some cleverer ways of doing this.进一步解释一个观点或者是提出一个论点的时候，不要只知道用"and"，下面的这些表达都是高分表达噢。

6. Moreover用法→ Employ “moreover” at the start of a sentence to add extra information in support of a point you’re making.

例子→ “Moreover, the results of a recent piece of research provide compelling evidence in support of…”

此外，一个研究报告结果提供了...强有力的证据支持。

7. Furthermore用法→This is also generally used at the start of a sentence, to add extra information.

例子→ “Furthermore, there is evidence to suggest that…”

此外，有证据显示......

8. What’s more用法→ This is used in the same way as “moreover” and “furthermore”.

例子→ “What’s more, this isn’t the only evidence that supports this hypothesis.”

另外，对于这个假设这不是的证据。

9. Likewise用法→ Use “likewise” when you want to talk about something that agrees with what you’ve just mentioned.

例子→ “Scholar A believes X. Likewise, Scholar B argues compellingly in favour of this point of view.”

学者A认为X是对的。同样地，学者B也很有说服力地赞成此观点。

10. Similarly用法→ Use “similarly” in the same way as “likewise”.

例子→ “Audiences at the time reacted with shock to Beethoven’s new work, because it was very different to what they were used to. Similarly, we have a tendency to react with surprise to the unfamiliar.”

那时候观众对于贝多芬的新作品表示很震惊，因为这和之前的作品很不一样。同样地，我们在接受不熟悉事物的时候，经常会表现出惊讶。

11. Another key thing to remember用法→ Use the phrase “another key point to remember” or “another key fact to remember” to introduce additional facts without using the word “also”.

例子→ “As a Romantic, Blake was a proponent of a closer relationship between humans and nature. Another key point to remember is that Blake was writing during the Industrial Revolution, which had a major impact on the world around him.”

作为一个浪漫主义者，布莱克推崇人与自然有很紧密的联系。另一个关键的点需要去注意的是，布莱克创作于工业革命时期，这对他周围的环境有很大的影响。

12. As well as用法→ Use “as well as” instead of “also” or “and”.

例子→ “Scholar A argued that this was due to X, as well as Y.”

学者A提出这个是因为X，还有Y。

13. Coupled with

用法→ Used when considering two or more arguments at a time.

例子→ “Coupled with the literary evidence, the statistics paint a compelling view of…”

加上这些文学证据，这些数据表明了一个令人信服的观点。

14. Firstly, secondly, thirdly…用法→ This can be used to structure an argument, presenting facts clearly one after the other.

例子→ “There are many points in support of this view. Firstly, X. Secondly, Y. And thirdly, Z.

有很多论据支持这个观点。首先，X。第二，Y。第三，Z。

15. Not to mention/to say nothing of用法→ “Not to mention” and “to say nothing of” can be used to add extra information with a bit of emphasis.

例子→ “The war caused unprecedented suffering to millions of people, not to mention its impact on the country’s economy.”

这场战争造成了对成千上万人前所未有的痛苦，更不用说它对国家经济造成的影响。

When you’re developing an argument, you will often need to present contrasting or opposing opinions or evidence – “it could show this, but it could also show this”, or “X says this, but Y disagrees”. This section covers words you can use instead of the “but” in these examples, to make your writing sound more intelligent and interesting.在做对比论证的时候，除了however，还可以用下面这些词!

16. On the other hand用法→ Usage of this phrase includes introducing a contrasting interpretation of the same piece of evidence, a different piece of evidence that suggests something else, or an opposing opinion.

例子→ “The historical evidence appears to suggest a clear-cut situation. On the other hand, the archaeological evidence presents a somewhat less straightforward picture of what happened that day.”

这个历史性的证据明显表明了一个清晰的情况。另一方面，考古学上的证据并没有很直接地呈现出那天发生了什么。

17. By contrast/in comparison

用法→ Use “by contrast” or “in comparison” when you’re comparing and contrasting pieces of evidence.

例子→ “Scholar A’s opinion, then, is based on insufficient evidence. By contrast, Scholar B’s opinion seems more plausible.”

学者A的观点，其实是基于不充足的证据上提出的。相反，学者B的观点看起来更加有道理。

18. Then again用法→ Use this to cast doubt on an assertion.

例子→ “Writer A asserts that this was the reason for what happened. Then again, it’s possible that he was being paid to say this.”

作家A坚称这是造成为什么会发生这个情况的原因。不过话又说回来，他可能是被强迫这么说的。

19. That said用法→ This is used in the same way as “then again”.

例子→ “The evidence appears to point to this conclusion. That said, much of the evidence is unreliable.”

证据似乎指向了这一结论。即便如此，其中的很多证据也是不可靠的。

20. Yet用法→ Use this when you want to introduce a contrasting idea.

例子→ “Much of scholarship has focused on this evidence. Yet not everyone agrees that this is the most important aspect.”

很多学术研究都把重点放在了这个论据上面。但是不是所有人都同意这是最重要的一个方面。

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