4008-125-888
首页>托福考试备考专区>TPO阅读>托福TPO58阅读Passage 1原文(完整版)

托福TPO58阅读Passage 1原文(完整版)

2021-01-18 16:29来源:互联网作者:上海管理员

摘要:托福TPO试题基本所有参加托福考生必做试题,为更好服务于广大考生,上海新航道小编会及时的更新托福TPO试题信息,包括TPO试题、答案及解析等内容。在下文中小编整理了托福TPO58阅读Passage 1原文(完整版),希望对大家有所帮助,如在学习过程中有问题,可以加新航道上海学校专业老师微信(微信号shnc_2018)进行咨询。

托福TPO试题基本所有参加托福考生必做试题,在下文中上海新航道托福培训小编整理了托福TPO58阅读Passage 1原文(完整版),希望对大家有所帮助!


托福TPO58阅读Passage 1 

The Development of Instrumental Music

Until the sixteenth century, almost all music was written for the voice rather than for musical instruments Even during the Renaissance (from the fourteenth to the sixteenth century), instrumental music was, for the most part, the result of substituting an instrument for a voice in music written for singing or dancing The seventeenth century marked the rise of music that lacked e×tramusical meaning Like a mathematical equation or geometric formula, the instrumental music of the early modern era carried no explicit narrative content-it was neither a vehicle of religious expression nor a means of supporting a secular (nonreligious) vocalized text. Such music was written without consideration for the associational content traditionally provided by a set of sung lyrics. The idea of music as an aesthetic exercise, composed for its own sake rather than to serve a religious or communal purpose, was a notable feature of the seventeenth century and one that has distinguished modern Western European music from the musical traditions of Asia and Africa.

Not surprisingly, the rise of instrumental music was accompanied by improvements in instruments and refinements in tuning Indeed, instrumental music came to dominate musical composition at the very moment that Western musicians were perfecting such stringed instruments as the violin, viola, and cello and such keyboard instruments as the organ and harpsichord. By the early eighteenth century, musicians were adopting the system of tuning known as equal temperament, whereby the octave was divided 1 into twelve half-steps of equal size Johann Sebastian Bach' s Well Tempered Clavier (1722) was an attempt to popularize this system to a skeptical musical public. The new attention paid to improving instruments and systematizing tuning mirrored the efforts of scientists and philosophers to bring precision and uniformity to the tools and methods for scientific inquiry.

In the seventeenth century, northern Italy was the world center for the manufacture of violins. The Amati, Guarneri, and Stradivari families of Cremona, Italy, established the techniques of making high-quality violins that were sought in all of the great courts of Europe. [■] Transmitted from father to son, the construction techniques used to produce these instruments were guarded so secretly that modern violinmakers have never successfully imitated them. [ ■] Elsewhere, around 1650, earlier instruments were standardized and refined. [ ■] Also during this period amateur music making was widespread, and professional performance also took a great leap forward, as a new breed of virtuosi inspired the writing of treatises on performance techniques. [ ■]

Three main types of composition-the sonata., the suite, and the concerto-dominated seventeenth-century instrumental music. All three reflect the baroque taste for dramatic contrasts in tempo and texture. The sonata (from the Italian word for “sounded,” that is, music played and not sung) is a piece written for a few instruments-often no more than one or two. It usually consisted of three movements of contrasting tempo-fast/slow/fast-each based on a song or dance form of the time. The suite, written for any combination of instruments, is a sequence or series of movements derived from various European court or folk dances-for example, the sarabande, the pavane, the minuet, and gigue, or jig Henry Purcell (1659-1695) in England, Francois Couperin (1668-1733) in France, and Johann Sebastian Bach (1685-1750) in Germany all contributed to the development of the suite as a musical genre. Finally, the concerto (from the same root as concert ato, which describes opposing or contrasting bodies of sound) is a composition consisting of two groups of instruments, one small and the other large, playing in dialogue. The typical baroque concerto, the concerto grosso ( “large concerto” ) featured several movements whose number and kind varied considerably.

The leading Italian instrumental composer of the baroque era was Antonio Vivaldi (1678 -1741) Vivaldi wrote some 450 concertos He systematized the concerto grosso into a three- movement form (fast/slow/fast) and increased the distinctions between solo and ensemble groups in each movement Of the many e×citing compositions Vivaldi wrote for solo violin and ensemble, the most glorious is The Four Seasons, a group of four violin concertos, each of which musically describes a single season.

索取“原文+题目+答案+解析+MP3音频”,请加新航道上海老师微信(shnc_2018)

tf-1.jpg


相关热点: 托福tpo58

免费领取资料

免费领取最新剑桥雅思、TPO、SAT真题、百人留学备考群,名师答疑,助教监督,分享最新资讯,领取独家资料。

方法1:扫码添加新航道老师

微信号:shnc_2018

方法2:留下表单信息,老师会及时与您联系

热门课程

  • 走读班(6-10人)
  • 走读班(20-30人)
  • 住宿班(6-10人)
  • 住宿班(20-30人)
  • 托福一对一
课程名称 班级人数 课时 学费 报名
托福入门段(A段)6-10人走读班 6-10人 80课时 ¥15800 在线咨询
托福强化段(C段)6-10人班 6-10人 96课时 ¥30800 在线咨询
托福全程段(A+B+C段)6-10人班 6-10人 192课时 ¥55800 在线咨询
托福特训班(4周,走读) 8-10人 192 ¥34800 在线咨询
托福特训班(6周,走读) 8-10人 288 ¥49800 在线咨询
课程名称 班级人数 课时 学费 报名
托福精讲段(B段)20-30人班 20-30人 96课时 ¥8800 在线咨询
托福强化段(C段)20-30人班 20-30人 96课时 ¥7800 在线咨询
托福全程段(A+B+C段)20-30人班 20-30人 192课时 ¥13800 在线咨询
课程名称 班级人数 课时 学费 报名
托福入门段(A段)(6-10人,住宿) 6-10人 80课时 ¥17800 在线咨询
托福强化段(C段)6-10人班住宿 152课时 ¥33800 在线咨询
托福全程班(A+B+C段)6-10人班住宿 6-10人 304课时 ¥60800 在线咨询
托福长线班(6-10人,住宿) 6-10人 272课时 ¥77800 在线咨询
托福词汇语法住宿班(A段)(6-10人) 6-10人 48课时 ¥8800 在线咨询
课程名称 班级人数 课时 学费 报名
托福全程段(A+B+C段)20-30人班住宿 20-30人 192课时 ¥15800 在线咨询
托福强化段(C段)20-30人班住宿 20-30人 96课时 ¥8800 在线咨询
托福精讲段(B段)20-30人班住宿 20-30人 96课时 ¥9800 在线咨询
课程名称 班级人数 课时 学费 报名
托福一对一 1 按需定制 ¥980元 在线咨询
托福免费试听课 ¥0元 在线咨询
课程名称 班级人数 课时 学费 报名
小托福课程 6人 54小时 ¥20800 在线咨询
小托福考试技巧进阶课程 30 ¥9800 在线咨询

免责声明
1、如转载本网原创文章,请表明出处;
2、本网转载媒体稿件旨在传播更多有益信息,并不代表同意该观点,本网不承担稿件侵权行为的连带责任;
3、如本网转载稿、资料分享涉及版权等问题,请作者见稿后速与新航道联系(电话:021-64380066),我们会第一时间删除。

  • 徐家汇校区
  • 人民广场校区
  • 浦东校区
  • 中山公园校区
  • 杨浦校区
  • 闵行校区
  • 松江校区
  • 出国留学封闭学习中心
  • 地址:徐汇区文定路209号宝地文定商务中心1楼

    乘车路线:地铁1/4号线上海体育馆、3/9号线宜山路站、11号线上海游泳馆站

  • 地址:南京西路338号天安中心24楼

    乘车路线:地铁1、2、8号线人民广场站

  • 地址:浦东新区世纪大道1128号耀通科技大厦3楼(地铁2号线世纪大道站12号口出)

    乘车路线:地铁2、4、6号线世纪大道站

  • 地址:长宁区长宁路1027号兆丰广场6楼608

    乘车路线:二、三四号线至中山公园地铁站,9号口出,从商场1楼进入;或10号口出,从兆丰大厦上电梯6楼。

  • 地址:杨浦区国宾路18号万达广场A座18楼

    乘车路线:地铁10号线五角场站

  • 地址:东川路1779-19号

    乘车路线:地铁5号线 东川路站4号口出

  • 地址:松江大学城四期校区:文汇路928弄想飞天地2204

    乘车路线:地铁9号线松江大学城站下

  • 地址:上海市浦东新区惠南镇拱极路2151号

    乘车路线:地铁16号线惠南站

总部地址:北京市海淀区中关村大街28-1号6层601 集团客服电话:400-097-9266 总部:北京新航道教育文化发展有限责任公司

Copyright © www.xhd.cn All Rights Reserved 京ICP备05069206

  • 微信公众号
  • 微信社群

注册/登录

+86
获取验证码

登录

+86

收不到验证码?

知道了

找回密码

+86
获取验证码
下一步

重新设置密码

为您的账号设置一个新密码

保存新密码

密码重置成功

请妥善保存您的密码
立即登录

为了确保您的帐号安全

请勿将帐号信息提供给他人/机构