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托福TPO57阅读Passage 2题目

15. The word "hypothetical" in the passage is closest in meaning to

A. biological

B. observable

C. supposed

D. repeated

16. According to paragraph 2, the purpose of Redi's second experiment was to show that spontaneous generation did not occur when

A. air was allowed to enter the net‐covered jars

B. flies were allowed to enter the open jars

C. larvae were removed from net‐covered jars

D. meat decay was prevented

17. According to paragraph 3, how did Redi's experiments change the debate over spontaneous generation?

A. His experiments strengthened the belief that large organisms could be generated from small organisms.

B. His experiments suggested that simple organisms could be generated from nonliving things.

C. His experiments provided evidence that at least some kinds of organisms did not arise spontaneously.

D. His experiments showed that small organisms survived the absence of air more easily than large ones did.

18. Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.

A. John Needham seemed to confirm the idea of spontaneous generation when he found that heated broth remained uncontaminated but that numerous microorganisms appeared in cool broth.

B. John Needham gave support to the idea of spontaneous generation by showing that microorganisms appeared in broth that was heated before being placed in sealed containers.

C. John Needham seemed to show that microorganisms were generated spontaneously in broth that had been sealed before being heated and then cooled.

D. John Needham seemed to show that the spontaneous generation of microorganisms was more likely to occur in greater quantity in heated rather than cooled broth.

19. In paragraph 4, why does the author discuss Spallanzani's experiment of heating nutrient fluids after they were sealed in flasks?

A. To explain why Spallanzani concluded that Needham's solutions had probably been contaminated with microbes from the air

B. To illustrate the increasing accuracy of theories about life forms based on experiments conducted during the eighteenth century

C. To explain why nutrient solutions that were heated and then cooled in covered flasks contained microorganisms

D. To illustrate how the boiling of nutrient solutions had affected the results of Needham's experiments

20. The word "intangible" in the passage is closest in meaning to

A. nonmaterial

B. independent

C. powerful

D. insignificant

21. According to paragraph 5, Lavoisier's discovery of the importance of oxygen to life led some scientists to conclude that

A. microbes are more dependent on oxygen than are other organisms

B. nutrient solutions are not necessary for the support of microbial life

C. Spallanzani's experiments had been flawed

D. spontaneous generation occurs more often in air than in liquids

22. The word "unresolved" in the passage is closest in meaning to

A. undecided

B. unexplored

C. unopposed

D. unrestrained

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