托福阅读场景词汇：文化艺术相关英语词汇一节【新航道原创】

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文化艺术类词汇（一）
文化艺术类词汇（二）
文化艺术类词汇（三）
文化艺术类词汇（四）
文化艺术类词汇同义词替换练习

1托福阅读场景词汇：文化艺术相关英语词汇一节

art 

释义•n.艺术；艺术作品

例句•Although she discovered and introduced her art in the United States ,she achieved her greatest glory in Paris. (OG 2-2)

派生•artist n.艺术家

artistic adj.艺术的；有美感的；风雅的；（尤指）有美术才能的

artistry n.技艺；艺术之性质

element  

释义•n.要素；［化］元素

例句•To be architecture, a building must achieve a working harmony with a variety of elements. (TPO 3-1)

color  

释义•n. 颜色；肤色v.改变•••的颜色

例句•Architecture is a three-dimensional form. It utilizes space, mass , texture ,line, light, and color.(TPO 3-3)

architecture 

释义•n.建筑设计；建筑风格；建筑学

例句•On one hand were the buildings produced for the wealthy or for civic purposes, which tended to echo the architecture of the past and to use traditional styles of ornamentation.(TPO

37-3)

派生•architectural adj.建筑学的

microscope 

释义•n.显微镜

例句•Before microscopes were first used in the Seventeenth cells.(TPO 38-1)

characteristic 

释义•n.特性 adj.特有的；独特的

例句•The most striking characteristic of the plants of the alpine zone is their low growth form. (TPO 1-3)

construct  

释义•V.建造；构成

例句•Much of the world's great architecture has been constructed of stone because of its beauty, permanence, and availability.（TPO 3-1)

派生•construction n.建造；建筑物；解释

device 

释义•n.设备；方法

例句•They could have been used as feeble locomotor devices on land.(TPO 44-1)

pottery 

释义•n.陶器；陶器厂；陶器制造（术）

例句•A country as vast as China with so long-lasting a civilization has a complex social and visual history, within which pottery and porcelain play a major role. (TPO 10-1)

visual  

释义•adj.视觉的；形象化的n.画面

例句•Some drawbacks to wind farms include visual pollution and noise.(OG-3)

content  

释义•n.内容；（书等的）目录（通常为复数形式出现）

例句•without this knowledge we can appreciate only he formal

statue 

释义•n.雕像

例句. For example ,in the early Italian Renaissance , bronze statues of horses with a raised foreleg usually had a cannonball under that hoof.(OG 1-1)

craft  

释义•n.手艺；工艺；船v.手工制作

例句•This mode of craft production favored the growth of self-governing and ideologically egalitarian craft guilds everywhere in the Middle Eastern city.(TPO 16-1)

cave  

释义•n.洞穴v.(使）塌陷

例句•We might expect that early artistic efforts would be crude, but the cave paintings of Spain and southern France show a marked degree of skill. (TPO 4-2)

filter 

释义•v.透过；渗入；过滤n.滤波器

例句•Very little light filters through the canopy of leaves and branches in a rain forest to reach ground level-or close to the ground-and at those levels the yellow-to-green wavelengths predominate.(TPO 17-2)

classic 

释义•

adj.典型的；传统的；著%名的n.文学名著

例句•In classic research Paul Ekman took photographs of people exhibiting the emotions of anger ,disgust , fea r, happiness ,and sadness.(OG 1-1)

model  

释义•n.模型；样式；模范

例句•Renfrew's model made some assumptions that are now discounted.(TPO 41-3)

decorate  

释义•装饰

例句•In the seventeenth century , the trading activities of the Dutch East India Company resulted in vast quantities of decorated Chinese porcelain being brought to Europe(TPO 10-1)

派生•decorative adj.装饰性的；作装饰用的

smith 

释义•n.铁匠：锻工（＝blacksmith)

例句•very ordinary name of William Smith was born into the pooh family of a village blacksmith. (TPO 6-2)

Pot 

释义•n.罐；（某种用途的）容器；陶盆

例句•If a pot has no bottom or has large openings in its sides, it could hardly be considered a container in any traditional sense.(OG 1-1)

carve  

释义•V.雕刻；切片

例句• By contrast , wooden statues were carved from several pieces of wood that were pegged together to form the finished work. （TPO 11-1)

artificial  

释义•adj.人造的；人工的

例句•In experimenting with artificial suns ,Kramer made another interesting discovery.(TPO 11-2)

ceramic  

释义•n.陶瓷；陶瓷制品adj.陶器的

例句•The function and status of ceramics in China varied from dynasty to dynasty. (TPO 10-1)

myth  

释义•n.神话

例句•Stories(myths) may then grow up around a ritual. (TPO 1-2)

context  

释义•n.背景；语境；上下文；环境

例句•From early times pots were used in both religious and secular contexts.(TPO10-1) 

cuneiform 

释义•adj.楔形的；楔形文字的; n.楔形文字

例句. Cuneiform texts on science, astronomy ,medicine , and mathematics abound, some offering astoundingly precise data.(TPO 39-1)

contemporary 

释义•adj.当代的；现代的n.同代人；当代人

例句•The mediocre design of many contemporary buildings can be traced to both clients and architects.(TPO 3-2)

2托福阅读词汇题解答技巧

除了集中强化地背单词之外，考生还应学会根据单词所在的上下文语境利用逻辑关系来推测单词的含义。在考试过程中，考生可以利用到的逻辑关系有并列关系，举例关系和转折关系。下面将依次举例进行说明。

1. 并列关系解答词汇题实例

如果两个句子成分之间是并列的关系，则它们的感情色彩应该相近，所描述的内容性质也相近。常见的表示并列关系的信号词有：and, both…and, as well as, also, similarly, equally, likewise等。

例题分析：

Paragraph 4: The ice shelf cores, with a total length of 215 meters (705 feet), were long enough to penetrate through glacial ice---which is formed from the compaction of snow and contains air bubbles---and to continue into the clear, bubble-free ice formed from seawater that freezes onto the bottom of the glacial ice. (OG Test 2 Green Icebergs)

4. The word penetrate in the passage is closest in meaning to

A. collect

B. pierce

C. melt

D. endure

解析

本句较长，破折号中的从句是对前面的glacial ice的修饰，可暂且忽略不看，因此由句子中的and可知，and前后的词penetrate和continue into是并列关系，continue into表达“进入”的含义，因此可对选项进行筛选，collect为“收集”，melt意为“溶解，融化”，endure意为“持续;容忍”，因此可推测出答案为B选项。B选项中的pierce为“渗透，渗入”的意思，与penetrate(渗透，穿透)同义。

2. 举例关系解答词汇题实例

举例是对前面的观点进行论证和解释，因此例子与其论证对象的特质相一致。表示举例关系的信号词有for example/instance, such as, like, including等。

例题分析

Paragraph 8: People decide whether they will act aggressively or not on the basis of factors such as their experiences with aggression and their interpretation of other people's motives. Supporting evidence comes from research showing that aggressive people often distort other people's motives. For example, they assume that other people mean them harm when they do not.

10. The word “distort” in the passage is closest in meaning to

A. mistrust

B. misinterpret

C. criticize

D. resent

解析

后句中看到信号词for example, 则是举例子来论证前面的观点。后句意思为“他们认为别人想伤害自己，而事实并非如此”，可以看出是误解了别人的想法，那么前句的观点应当是“有攻击性的人经常误解别人的动机”，由此可以推测出distort为“误解，曲解”类似的含义，则选出正确答案B. misinterpret(曲解)。

3. 转折/对比关系解答词汇题实例

一个句子中出现了转折或对比关系时，则转折词前后的内容相反。表示转折关系的信号词有although, despite, in spite of, instead (of), while, on the contrary, conversely, rather than, however, but, whereas等。

例题分析

Paragraph 4: But when a new area is fueled by rain, the mammals migrate toward it in a set order to exploit it. The larger, less fastidious feeders, the zebras, move in first; the choosier, smaller wildebeests come later; and the smallest species of all, Thomson’s gazelle, arrives last.

10. The word fastidious in the passage is closest in meaning to

A. rapid

B. determined

C. flexible

D. demanding

解析

本句中虽然没有明确的出现表对比的信号词，但是考生很容易发现the larger, less fastidious feeders, the zebras, move in first; the choosier, smaller wildebeests come later; 前后两句形成对比关系，其中larger与smaller互为反义词，则可推测出less fastidious与choosier同样互为反义词，则进一步推出fastidious与choosier应为近义词，choosier为“挑剔的”意思，所以选出正确答案D. demanding(苛求的)，fastidious本身意为“挑剔的，吹毛求疵的”含义。

同词异意对比法。如：bear, bill, scale等。

常用的托福阅读词汇题解答技巧就推荐这些，如在学习过程中发现错误或者有问题咨询的话，欢迎添加新航道专业老师微信(微信号：shnc_2018)进行详细咨询。