托福阅读场景词汇：动物相关英语词汇四节【新航道原创】

相关内容推荐：

动物类英语词汇（一）
动物类英语词汇（二）
动物类英语词汇（三）
动物类英语词汇（四）
动物类英语词汇（五）
动物类英语词汇同义词替换练习

1托福阅读场景词汇：动物相关英语词汇四节

fin 

释义•n.鳍

例句。A second adaptation of these fish was in the structure of the lobe fins.(TPO 44-1)

gill 

释义•n.鳃

例句•It is known that they had lungs as well as gills for breathing.（TPO 44-1)

gland 

释义•n.腺

例句•Buck rubs also have a scent produced by glands in the foreheads of deer that is transferred to the tree when the rub is made.(TPO 28-3)

派生•glandular adj.腺的；腺状的

ruminant 

释义•n.反刍动物adj.反刍的；沉思的

例句•Food passes only slowly through the ruminant's gut because ruminating-digesting the hard parts-takes time.(OG 2-1)

tetrapod 

释义•n.四足动物

例句•One of the most significant evolutionary events that occurred on Earth was the transition of water-dwelling fish to terrestrial tetrapods.(TPO 44-1)

aquatic 

释义•adj.水生的；水栖的

例句These adaptations developed because they helped fish to survive in their existing aquatic environment.(TPO 44-1)

biodiversity 

释义•n.生物多样性

例句。Since the Cambrian period, biodiversity has generally risen,but there have been some notable exceptions.(TPO 33-3)

countercurrent 

释义•n.逆流；逆电流

very year during the months of December and January ,a weak, warm countercurrent replaces the normally cold coastal waters.(TPO 43-3)

invertebrate

释义•adj.无脊椎的 n.无脊椎动物

例句。One question was related to evidence that the invertebrate fauna(animals without spines)of the Mediterranean had changed abruptly about 6 million years ago.(TPO 7-1)

predation 

释义。n.捕食；掠夺

例句•Together with predation, it is the most important density-dependent factor in regulating population growth.(TPO 29-2)

toad 

释义•n.蟾蜍；癞蛤蟆

例句•Many species of amphibians (frogs and toads) and reptiles (lizards and snakes) are able to change their color patterns to camouflage themselves.(TPO 17-2)

exterminate 

释义•v.消灭；根除

例句•As a human being ,you need to be craftier than cockroaches  and use an assortment of ways to exterminate them.

派生•extermination n.消灭；根绝

humus  

释义。n.腐殖质

例句•Humus is necessary for rapid decomposition of leaves by bacteria and fungi and for recycling by surface roots.(TPO 31-3)

interbreed 

释义•v.异种交配；混种

例句•Eventually the subpopulations become so genetically distinct they cannot interbreed even if the physical barriers between them were removed.(TPO 31-1)

rut 

释义•n.发情期；车辙

例句。Rubs are created about one to two months before the breeding season (the rut).(TPO 28-3)

thermoregulation

释义•n.温度调节

例句。However, behavior is by far the most important factor in thermoregulation.(TPO 40-3)

antler 

释义•n.鹿角

例句。A male deer makes a buck rub by striping the bark (outer layer)of a small tree with its antlers.(TPO 28-3)

biome 

释义•n.生态］生物群系

例句•This resulted in the "biome," a combination of coexisting flora and fauna.(TPO 19-2)

bison 

释义•n.野牛

例句•He makes this argument based on the anatomy of horse and bison ,which do not have the ability to search for food through deep snow cover.(TPO 45-1)

commensal 

释义•adj.共生的

例句Commensal associations sometimes involve one species'obtaining food that is inadvertently exposed by another.(TPO17-3)

派生•commensalism n.生态］共栖；共生

dishabituate 

释义v.使戒除（或放弃）习惯；使不习惯

例句If the infant fails to dishabituate and continues to show habituation with the new stimulus, it is assumed that the baby is unable to perceive the new stimulus as different.(TPO 13-3)

派生•dishabituation n.解除习惯

dormant 

释义•adj.休眠的；静止的

例句。The seeds then lie dormant until the next wet year, when the desert blooms again.(TPO 26-2)

派生•dormancy n.(生物）休眠；冬眠；蛰伏

earthworm

释义•n.(无脊椎）蚯蚓

例句。Earthworms ingest large quantities of soil, chemically alter it, and excrete it as organic matter called casts.(TPO 36-1)

hibernate

释义•v.(动物）冬眠；过冬；（人等）避寒

例句。One compensation for not hibernating is the built-in urge to migrate.(TPO 4-1)

派生。hibernation n.冬眠，过冬，避寒

larva4 

释义•n. ［昆］幼虫；［水产］幼体

例句。Ants and the other social members of their order certain bees and wasps ,have complete metamorphosis in four life stages ; egg, larva, pupa ,and adult.(TPO 47-2)

派生larval adj.幼虫的；幼虫状态的

limb  

释义•n.肢；臂

例句It should be emphasized that the evolution of lungs and limbs was in no sense an anticipation of future life on land.(TPO 44-1)

2托福阅读词汇题解答技巧

除了集中强化地背单词之外，考生还应学会根据单词所在的上下文语境利用逻辑关系来推测单词的含义。在考试过程中，考生可以利用到的逻辑关系有并列关系，举例关系和转折关系。下面将依次举例进行说明。

1. 并列关系解答词汇题实例

如果两个句子成分之间是并列的关系，则它们的感情色彩应该相近，所描述的内容性质也相近。常见的表示并列关系的信号词有：and, both…and, as well as, also, similarly, equally, likewise等。

例题分析：

Paragraph 4: The ice shelf cores, with a total length of 215 meters (705 feet), were long enough to penetrate through glacial ice---which is formed from the compaction of snow and contains air bubbles---and to continue into the clear, bubble-free ice formed from seawater that freezes onto the bottom of the glacial ice. (OG Test 2 Green Icebergs)

4. The word penetrate in the passage is closest in meaning to

A. collect

B. pierce

C. melt

D. endure

解析

本句较长，破折号中的从句是对前面的glacial ice的修饰，可暂且忽略不看，因此由句子中的and可知，and前后的词penetrate和continue into是并列关系，continue into表达“进入”的含义，因此可对选项进行筛选，collect为“收集”，melt意为“溶解，融化”，endure意为“持续;容忍”，因此可推测出答案为B选项。B选项中的pierce为“渗透，渗入”的意思，与penetrate(渗透，穿透)同义。

2. 举例关系解答词汇题实例

举例是对前面的观点进行论证和解释，因此例子与其论证对象的特质相一致。表示举例关系的信号词有for example/instance, such as, like, including等。

例题分析

Paragraph 8: People decide whether they will act aggressively or not on the basis of factors such as their experiences with aggression and their interpretation of other people's motives. Supporting evidence comes from research showing that aggressive people often distort other people's motives. For example, they assume that other people mean them harm when they do not.

10. The word “distort” in the passage is closest in meaning to

A. mistrust

B. misinterpret

C. criticize

D. resent

解析

后句中看到信号词for example, 则是举例子来论证前面的观点。后句意思为“他们认为别人想伤害自己，而事实并非如此”，可以看出是误解了别人的想法，那么前句的观点应当是“有攻击性的人经常误解别人的动机”，由此可以推测出distort为“误解，曲解”类似的含义，则选出正确答案B. misinterpret(曲解)。

3. 转折/对比关系解答词汇题实例

一个句子中出现了转折或对比关系时，则转折词前后的内容相反。表示转折关系的信号词有although, despite, in spite of, instead (of), while, on the contrary, conversely, rather than, however, but, whereas等。

例题分析

Paragraph 4: But when a new area is fueled by rain, the mammals migrate toward it in a set order to exploit it. The larger, less fastidious feeders, the zebras, move in first; the choosier, smaller wildebeests come later; and the smallest species of all, Thomson’s gazelle, arrives last.

10. The word fastidious in the passage is closest in meaning to

A. rapid

B. determined

C. flexible

D. demanding

解析

本句中虽然没有明确的出现表对比的信号词，但是考生很容易发现the larger, less fastidious feeders, the zebras, move in first; the choosier, smaller wildebeests come later; 前后两句形成对比关系，其中larger与smaller互为反义词，则可推测出less fastidious与choosier同样互为反义词，则进一步推出fastidious与choosier应为近义词，choosier为“挑剔的”意思，所以选出正确答案D. demanding(苛求的)，fastidious本身意为“挑剔的，吹毛求疵的”含义。

同词异意对比法。如：bear, bill, scale等。

常用的托福阅读词汇题解答技巧就推荐这些，如在学习过程中发现错误或者有问题咨询的话，欢迎添加新航道专业老师微信(微信号：shnc_2018)进行详细咨询。