托福阅读场景词汇：动物相关英语词汇三节【新航道原创】

相关内容推荐：

动物类英语词汇（一）
动物类英语词汇（二）
动物类英语词汇（三）
动物类英语词汇（四）
动物类英语词汇（五）
动物类英语词汇同义词替换练习

1托福阅读场景词汇：动物相关英语词汇三节

dwell  

释义•v.居住；存在于

例句•Those queried ranged from European college students to highlands. members of the Fore ,a tribe that dwells in the New Guinea highlands

派生•dwelling n.住处；寓所

jaw  

释义•n.颌；下巴

例句.These animals have flat teeth at the back of the jaw that are analogous to and have the same function as grindstones.（TPO 48-2)

 

skeleton  

释义•n.骨架

例句.Neanderthal skeleton had a right upper arm bone that was noticeably stronger than the left.(TPO 12-1)

派生skeletal adj.骨骼的；像骨骼的；骸骨的；骨瘦如柴的

cetacean 

释义•n.鲸类动物 adj.鲸类的

例句.It should be obvious that cetaceans-whales ,porpoises ,and dolphins-are mammals.(TPO 2-1)

livestock 

释义•n.牲畜；家畜

例句•raising of livestock is a major economic activity in semiarid lands ,where grasses are generally the dominant type of natural vegetation.(TPO 2-2)

lung

释义•n.肺；呼吸器

例句。The lungs of a fetus secrete a liquid that mixes with its mother's amniotic fluid.(TPO 18-2)

metabolite  

释义•n.[生化］代谢物

例句。For any individual organism ,the amount of metabolite

secreted is small.(TPO 35-3)

派生•metabolism n.(生理）新陈代谢

toxic 

释义•adj.有毒的；中毒的

例句•This toxin can be concentrated in such filter-feeding organisms as clams and mussels, rendering them toxic to humans.(TPO35-3)

tuna 

释义。n.金枪鱼

例句。Tunas ,mackerels ,and billfishes(marlins ,sailfishes, and swordfish)swim continuously.(OG-R6)

decompose 

释义•v.分解；使腐烂

例句•The organic matter may partially decompose ,using up the dissolved oxygen in the sediment.(TPO 4-3)

派生。decomposition n.分解；腐烂；变质

offspring 

释义•n.后代；子孙；产物

例句。If the crop plants hybridize and reproduce with weedy relatives ,then this herbicide-resistant gene will be perpetuated in the offspring.(TPO 38-3)

toxin  

释义•n.毒素；毒质

例句•Therefore, all insects carrying genes that make them susceptible to the toxin will die.(TPO 38-3)

carnivore 

释义•n.动］食肉动物；食虫植物

例句•These grazers supported in turn a number of impressive carnivores ,including the giant short-faced bear ,the saber-tooth cat ,and a large species of lion.(TPO 45-1)

imitate 

释义•V.模仿；仿效；仿造

例句•As they prepare their materials and weave, Navajo women imitate the transformations that originally created the world.（TPO 41-1)

派生。imitation n.模仿；仿造；仿制品

imitative adj.模仿的；仿制的

nestling

释义•n.未离巢的雏鸟；婴儿

例句•A classic example is noisy begging by nestling songbirds when a parent returns to the nest with food.(TPO 11-3)

reptile 

释义•n.爬行动物；卑鄙的人

例句Many species of amphibians (frogs and toads) and reptiles (lizards and snakes ) are able to change their color patterns to camouflage themselves.(TPO 17-2)

派生。reptilian adj.爬虫类的；卑鄙的

sedentary  

释义•adj.久坐的；定栖的

例句：Here more sedentary and more complex societies flourished.（TPO 20-2)

vulnerable

释义•adj.易受•••伤害的；有弱点的

例句The villages became more vulnerable to arbitrary treatment by government bureaucrats as local elites now had less control over them.(TPO 32-2)

派生vulnerability n.易损性；弱点

competitor  

释义。n.竞争者

例句•Additionally, translocation of predators or competitors may have negative impacts on other species, resulting in an overall loss of diversity.(TPO 37-2)

fertility  

释义•n.多产；丰饶

例句•It has been suggested that these figurines were an ideal type or an expression of a desire for fertility.(TPO 4-2)

flipper 

释义•n.鳍状肢；鳍

例句Because the flippers are comparatively thin and blade-like, are the one part of the leatherback that is likely to become chilled.(TPO 15-1)

forage 

释义。v.搜寻粮草n.饲料；草料

例句•Aggressive species usually forage in groups and feed mainly on flowers that occur in high-density clumps.(TPO 32-3)

impulse 

释义•n.冲动；（电子）脉冲

：Another is that there is too much variation among people to believe that they are dominated by, or at the mercy of.aggressive impulses.(OG-R4)

biomass 

释义•n.生物量（以生境面积或容积表示）

例句•The climates of the higher latitudes are generally less favorable for the accumulation of large quantities of biomass（TPO 40-2)

fertilize 

释义•v.使受精；使肥沃

例句.Unlike aquatic and marine forms ,land plants cannot always rely on water currents to carry their sex cells and disperse their fertilized eggs.(TPO 25-3)

派生•fertilization n.农］施肥；［胚］受精；肥沃

2托福阅读词汇题解答技巧

除了集中强化地背单词之外，考生还应学会根据单词所在的上下文语境利用逻辑关系来推测单词的含义。在考试过程中，考生可以利用到的逻辑关系有并列关系，举例关系和转折关系。下面将依次举例进行说明。

1. 并列关系解答词汇题实例

如果两个句子成分之间是并列的关系，则它们的感情色彩应该相近，所描述的内容性质也相近。常见的表示并列关系的信号词有：and, both…and, as well as, also, similarly, equally, likewise等。

例题分析：

Paragraph 4: The ice shelf cores, with a total length of 215 meters (705 feet), were long enough to penetrate through glacial ice---which is formed from the compaction of snow and contains air bubbles---and to continue into the clear, bubble-free ice formed from seawater that freezes onto the bottom of the glacial ice. (OG Test 2 Green Icebergs)

4. The word penetrate in the passage is closest in meaning to

A. collect

B. pierce

C. melt

D. endure

解析

本句较长，破折号中的从句是对前面的glacial ice的修饰，可暂且忽略不看，因此由句子中的and可知，and前后的词penetrate和continue into是并列关系，continue into表达“进入”的含义，因此可对选项进行筛选，collect为“收集”，melt意为“溶解，融化”，endure意为“持续;容忍”，因此可推测出答案为B选项。B选项中的pierce为“渗透，渗入”的意思，与penetrate(渗透，穿透)同义。

2. 举例关系解答词汇题实例

举例是对前面的观点进行论证和解释，因此例子与其论证对象的特质相一致。表示举例关系的信号词有for example/instance, such as, like, including等。

例题分析

Paragraph 8: People decide whether they will act aggressively or not on the basis of factors such as their experiences with aggression and their interpretation of other people's motives. Supporting evidence comes from research showing that aggressive people often distort other people's motives. For example, they assume that other people mean them harm when they do not.

10. The word “distort” in the passage is closest in meaning to

A. mistrust

B. misinterpret

C. criticize

D. resent

解析

后句中看到信号词for example, 则是举例子来论证前面的观点。后句意思为“他们认为别人想伤害自己，而事实并非如此”，可以看出是误解了别人的想法，那么前句的观点应当是“有攻击性的人经常误解别人的动机”，由此可以推测出distort为“误解，曲解”类似的含义，则选出正确答案B. misinterpret(曲解)。

3. 转折/对比关系解答词汇题实例

一个句子中出现了转折或对比关系时，则转折词前后的内容相反。表示转折关系的信号词有although, despite, in spite of, instead (of), while, on the contrary, conversely, rather than, however, but, whereas等。

例题分析

Paragraph 4: But when a new area is fueled by rain, the mammals migrate toward it in a set order to exploit it. The larger, less fastidious feeders, the zebras, move in first; the choosier, smaller wildebeests come later; and the smallest species of all, Thomson’s gazelle, arrives last.

10. The word fastidious in the passage is closest in meaning to

A. rapid

B. determined

C. flexible

D. demanding

解析

本句中虽然没有明确的出现表对比的信号词，但是考生很容易发现the larger, less fastidious feeders, the zebras, move in first; the choosier, smaller wildebeests come later; 前后两句形成对比关系，其中larger与smaller互为反义词，则可推测出less fastidious与choosier同样互为反义词，则进一步推出fastidious与choosier应为近义词，choosier为“挑剔的”意思，所以选出正确答案D. demanding(苛求的)，fastidious本身意为“挑剔的，吹毛求疵的”含义。

同词异意对比法。如：bear, bill, scale等。

常用的托福阅读词汇题解答技巧就推荐这些，如在学习过程中发现错误或者有问题咨询的话，欢迎添加新航道专业老师微信(微信号：shnc_2018)进行详细咨询。