托福阅读场景词汇：动物相关英语词汇一节【新航道原创】

相关内容推荐：

动物类英语词汇（一）
动物类英语词汇（二）
动物类英语词汇（三）
动物类英语词汇（四）
动物类英语词汇（五）
动物类英语词汇同义词替换练习

1托福阅读场景词汇：动物相关英语词汇一节

extinct 

释义•adj.已灭绝的；绝种的；（火山）死的

例句•Extinct but already fully marine cetaceans are known from the fossil record.(TPO 2-1)

派生•extinction n.灭绝；绝种；消亡

community  

释义•n.群落；团体；社区

例句。The first community in a succession is called a pioneer community, while the long-lived community at the end of succession is called a climax community.(TPO 3-3)

feed  

释义•n.动物的饲料v.喂养；吃东西

例句。Great tracts of lowland country deforested by logging ,fire, or both have become ideal feeding grounds of deer.(TPO 4-1)

compete  

释义•v.竞争；比赛；对抗

例句。To return this favor, ants guard the nectaries , driving away or

killing intruding insects that might compete with ants for nectar（TPO 34-3)

派生•competition n.竞争；比赛；竞赛

nest  

释义•n.巢；窝v.筑巢

例句。But how is this well-insulated nest ventilated?(TPO 47-2)

adapt  

释义•v.适应；改编

例句•As a result , practically every aspect of the body form and function of these swimming "machines" is adapted to enhance their ability to swim.(OG-6)

派生•adaptation n.适应；改编；改写本

adaptive adj.适应的；适合的

colony  

释义•n.群，群体；殖民地

例句•The pheromone secreted by these stingless bees attracts and aggregates members of their colony to the prospective nest site.(TPO 32-3)

派生•colonize v.在•••建立殖民地；移民于殖民地

dinosaur  

释义•n.恐龙

例句。The best known of the five major extinction events ,the one that saw the demise of the dinosaurs ,is the Cretaceous-Tertiary extinction.(TPO 33-3)

behave  

释义•v.行为；表现；（机器等）运转；使守规矩

例句•Smith believes that the hunters were well aware of the more disciplined ways in which their prey behaved.(TPO 28-2)

派生•behavior n.行为，举止；态度；反应

behavioral adj.行为的

aggression  

释义•n.侵略；进攻

例句•There is a danger ,of course ,that play may be misinterpreted or not recognized as play by others, potentially leading to aggression.(TPO 30-1)

派生•aggressive adj.侵略性的；好斗的；有进取心的；有闯劲的

predator  

释义•n.动］捕食者；［动］食肉动物；掠夺者      

例句•This is especially true when play consists of practicing normal aggressive or predator behaviors.(TPO 30-1)

Insect

释义.n.昆虫

例句.Insects such as ants and termites also can be exceedingly numerous under favorable climatic and soil conditions.(TPO36-1)

cell  

释义n.细胞；电池；蜂房的巢室；单人小室

例句Before microscopes were first used in the seventeenth century ,no one knew that living organisms were composed of cells.(TPO 38-1)

派生•cellular adj.细胞的；多孔的；由细胞组成的

migrate  

释义•V.移居；移动；随季节而移居

例句.After the separation, any creature unable to cross a considerable distance of ocean could not migrate to New Zealand.(TPO 39-2)

派生。migration n.迁移；移民；移动

migratory adj.迁移的；迁徙的

marine  

释义•adj.海生的；海船的n.舰队

例句。Fish probably originated in the oceans ,and our first records of them are in marine rocks.(TPO 44-1)

Rub 

释义n.摩擦v.摩擦

例句

When completed ,the buck rub is an obvious visual signal to us and presumable to other deer in the area.(TPO 28-3)

habitat  

释义•n.(生态）栖息地；产地

例句.Careful habitat management increased this number lo over 300 birds ,but the single population remained vulnerable to local catastrophic events.(TPO 37-2)

mammal  

释义•n.(脊椎）哺乳动物

例句•Snakes and most mammals evolved after the separation.(TPO39-2)

派生•mammalian adj.哺乳类动物的

cycle  

释义•n.循环；自行车v.骑自行车

例句•Like almost all daily cycles of animals deprived of environmental cues ,those measured for the horseshoe crabs in these conditions were not exactly 24 hours.(TPO 13-2)

biology  

释义•n.(一个地区全部的）生物；生物学

例句•Although the Aegean had been the birthplace of marine biology, its depths are now known to be exceptionally lacking in animal diversity.(TPO 36-2)

派生。biological adj.生物的；生物学的

biologist n.生物学家

2托福阅读词汇题解答技巧

除了集中强化地背单词之外，考生还应学会根据单词所在的上下文语境利用逻辑关系来推测单词的含义。在考试过程中，考生可以利用到的逻辑关系有并列关系，举例关系和转折关系。下面将依次举例进行说明。

1. 并列关系解答词汇题实例

如果两个句子成分之间是并列的关系，则它们的感情色彩应该相近，所描述的内容性质也相近。常见的表示并列关系的信号词有：and, both…and, as well as, also, similarly, equally, likewise等。

例题分析：

Paragraph 4: The ice shelf cores, with a total length of 215 meters (705 feet), were long enough to penetrate through glacial ice---which is formed from the compaction of snow and contains air bubbles---and to continue into the clear, bubble-free ice formed from seawater that freezes onto the bottom of the glacial ice. (OG Test 2 Green Icebergs)

4. The word penetrate in the passage is closest in meaning to

A. collect

B. pierce

C. melt

D. endure

解析

本句较长，破折号中的从句是对前面的glacial ice的修饰，可暂且忽略不看，因此由句子中的and可知，and前后的词penetrate和continue into是并列关系，continue into表达“进入”的含义，因此可对选项进行筛选，collect为“收集”，melt意为“溶解，融化”，endure意为“持续;容忍”，因此可推测出答案为B选项。B选项中的pierce为“渗透，渗入”的意思，与penetrate(渗透，穿透)同义。

2. 举例关系解答词汇题实例

举例是对前面的观点进行论证和解释，因此例子与其论证对象的特质相一致。表示举例关系的信号词有for example/instance, such as, like, including等。

例题分析

Paragraph 8: People decide whether they will act aggressively or not on the basis of factors such as their experiences with aggression and their interpretation of other people's motives. Supporting evidence comes from research showing that aggressive people often distort other people's motives. For example, they assume that other people mean them harm when they do not.

10. The word “distort” in the passage is closest in meaning to

A. mistrust

B. misinterpret

C. criticize

D. resent

解析

后句中看到信号词for example, 则是举例子来论证前面的观点。后句意思为“他们认为别人想伤害自己，而事实并非如此”，可以看出是误解了别人的想法，那么前句的观点应当是“有攻击性的人经常误解别人的动机”，由此可以推测出distort为“误解，曲解”类似的含义，则选出正确答案B. misinterpret(曲解)。

3. 转折/对比关系解答词汇题实例

一个句子中出现了转折或对比关系时，则转折词前后的内容相反。表示转折关系的信号词有although, despite, in spite of, instead (of), while, on the contrary, conversely, rather than, however, but, whereas等。

例题分析

Paragraph 4: But when a new area is fueled by rain, the mammals migrate toward it in a set order to exploit it. The larger, less fastidious feeders, the zebras, move in first; the choosier, smaller wildebeests come later; and the smallest species of all, Thomson’s gazelle, arrives last.

10. The word fastidious in the passage is closest in meaning to

A. rapid

B. determined

C. flexible

D. demanding

解析

本句中虽然没有明确的出现表对比的信号词，但是考生很容易发现the larger, less fastidious feeders, the zebras, move in first; the choosier, smaller wildebeests come later; 前后两句形成对比关系，其中larger与smaller互为反义词，则可推测出less fastidious与choosier同样互为反义词，则进一步推出fastidious与choosier应为近义词，choosier为“挑剔的”意思，所以选出正确答案D. demanding(苛求的)，fastidious本身意为“挑剔的，吹毛求疵的”含义。

同词异意对比法。如：bear, bill, scale等。

常用的托福阅读词汇题解答技巧就推荐这些，如在学习过程中发现错误或者有问题咨询的话，欢迎添加新航道专业老师微信(微信号：shnc_2018)进行详细咨询。