托福阅读场景词汇：植物相关英语词汇三节【新航道原创】

发布时间：2021-05-11 10:43

托福阅读场景词汇：动物相关英语词汇一节【新航道原创】

1托福阅读场景词汇：植物相关英语词汇三节

deciduous

释义•adj.(指树木每年）落叶的

例句•Most deciduous wind-pollinated trees (which shed their leaves every fall) produce their pollen in the spring while the branches are bare of leaves.(TPO 45-2)

fern

释义•n.蕨类植物

例句•Many millions of years after ferns evolved, another kind of flora evolved on Earth: the seed-bearing plants. (TPO 9-3)

herb

释义•n.草本植物；药草；牧草

例句•Within a vertical distance of just a few tens of meters, trees disappear as a life-form and are replaced by low shrubs, herbs, and grasses.(TPO 1-3)

派生•herbicide n.除草剂

meadow

释义•n草地；牧场

例句. Where the forest inhibits the growth of grass and other meadow plants, the black-tailed deer browses on huckleberry, salal , dogwood , and almost any other shrub or herb.(TPO4-1)

perennials

释义•多年生的n.多年生植物；长期存在的

例句•The perennial vegetation adjusts to the aridity by means of various avoidance mechanisms.(TPO 26-2)

tundra

释义•n.苔原；冻土带；冻原

•The transition from forest to treeless tundra on a mountain slope is often a dramatic one.(TPO 1-3)

twig

释义•n.细枝；嫩枝V.理解；明白

例句•The preferred foods of snowshoe hares are willow and birch twigs.(TPO 27-3)

conifer

释义•n.针叶树；松柏科植物

例句•Insects and even small invertebrates have been found preserved in the hardened resins of conifers and certain other trees.(TPO 20-3)

cordgrass

释义•n.绳草

例句•Spartina alterniflora ,known as cordgrass, is a deciduous, perennial flowering plant native to the Atlantic coast and the Gulf Coast of the United States.(TPO 22-1)

fir

释义•n.冷杉

例句•In ancient Roman times, the Italian peninsula had great forest as the early fourteenth century. (TPO 25-2)

germinate

释义•v.发芽；发育

例句•Seeds of a given species exhibit a wide range of germination dates, increasing the probability that at least some of the seeds will germinate during a period of favorable environmental conditions. (TPO 32-1)

hyperaccumulator

释义•n.超富集植物

例句••Scientists have known for some time that certain plants, called hyperaccumulators, can concentrate minerals at levels a hundredfold or greater than normal. (TPO 5-1)

legume

释义•n.豆科植物；豆类蔬菜

例句•A third group of bacteria inhabits the root systems of plants called legumes.(TPO 36-1)

sapling

释义•n.树苗

例句•Fire suppression for decades let the understory fill up with Douglas fir saplings that would in turn become valuable when full-grown.(TPO 39-3)

anthocyanin

释义•n.花青素

例句•Stems are short and slender, and anthocyanin discoloration occurs on stems, petioles, and lower leaf surfaces.(TPO 5-1)

barren

释义•adj.贫瘠的；不结果实的；不孕的

例句•But only those few spores that settle down in very favorable locations can start new life; the vast majority fall on barren ground. (TPO 9-3)

birch

释义•n.桦树；（鞭打用的）桦条

例句•Species of birch, for example, may occur at the timberline inparts of the Himalayas. (TPO 1-3)

chlorosis

释义•n.萎黄病；变色病；缺绿病

例句•Mineral deficiencies can often be detected by specific symptoms such as chlorosis (loss of chlorophyll resulting in yellow or white leaf tissue). (TPO 5-1)

派生•chlorophyll n.叶绿素

corolla

释义•n.花冠

例•Without their colorful corolla, flowers do not attract pollinators and are not fertilized. (TPO 34-3)

oak

释义•n.橡树；橡木色

例句•Hundreds of tiny plant remains show how the inhabitants exploited nut harvests in nearby pistachio and oak forests.（TPO 20-2)

palm

释义•n.棕榈树；手掌v.将•••藏于掌中

例句•Among these plants are the date palm, tamarisk, and mesquite.(TPO 26-2)

seedling

释义•n.幼苗；树苗

例句•But after only a decade's growth until the next fire, those young seedling plants are still too low for fire to spread from them into the crowns of the ponderosa pine trees. (TPO 39-3)

sorghum

释义•n.高粱

例句•Ogallala water has enabled the High Plains region to supply significant amounts of the cotton, sorghum, wheat, and corn grown in the United States. (TPO 3-2)

spruce

释义•n.云杉

例句•The spruce community is not substantia y affected by either the presence or absence of moose.(TPO 19-2)

biotic

释义•adj.生物的；关于生命的

例句•Indeed, it may be for any of the factors, physical as well as biotic, that are essential for organisms.(TPO 29-2)

blossom

释义•n.花；开花时期；兴旺时期v.开花；繁荣

例句•Many plants can secrete nectar even when they have no blossoms, because they bear extrafloral nectaries (structures that produce nectar) on stems, leaves, leaf stems, or other structures.(TPO 34-3)

2托福阅读词汇题解答技巧

除了集中强化地背单词之外，考生还应学会根据单词所在的上下文语境利用逻辑关系来推测单词的含义。在考试过程中，考生可以利用到的逻辑关系有并列关系，举例关系和转折关系。下面将依次举例进行说明。

1. 并列关系解答词汇题实例

如果两个句子成分之间是并列的关系，则它们的感情色彩应该相近，所描述的内容性质也相近。常见的表示并列关系的信号词有：and, both…and, as well as, also, similarly, equally, likewise等。

例题分析：

Paragraph 4: The ice shelf cores, with a total length of 215 meters (705 feet), were long enough to penetrate through glacial ice---which is formed from the compaction of snow and contains air bubbles---and to continue into the clear, bubble-free ice formed from seawater that freezes onto the bottom of the glacial ice. (OG Test 2 Green Icebergs)

4. The word penetrate in the passage is closest in meaning to

A. collect

B. pierce

C. melt

D. endure

解析

本句较长，破折号中的从句是对前面的glacial ice的修饰，可暂且忽略不看，因此由句子中的and可知，and前后的词penetrate和continue into是并列关系，continue into表达“进入”的含义，因此可对选项进行筛选，collect为“收集”，melt意为“溶解，融化”，endure意为“持续;容忍”，因此可推测出答案为B选项。B选项中的pierce为“渗透，渗入”的意思，与penetrate(渗透，穿透)同义。

2. 举例关系解答词汇题实例

举例是对前面的观点进行论证和解释，因此例子与其论证对象的特质相一致。表示举例关系的信号词有for example/instance, such as, like, including等。

例题分析

Paragraph 8: People decide whether they will act aggressively or not on the basis of factors such as their experiences with aggression and their interpretation of other people's motives. Supporting evidence comes from research showing that aggressive people often distort other people's motives. For example, they assume that other people mean them harm when they do not.

10. The word “distort” in the passage is closest in meaning to

A. mistrust

B. misinterpret

C. criticize

D. resent

解析

后句中看到信号词for example, 则是举例子来论证前面的观点。后句意思为“他们认为别人想伤害自己，而事实并非如此”，可以看出是误解了别人的想法，那么前句的观点应当是“有攻击性的人经常误解别人的动机”，由此可以推测出distort为“误解，曲解”类似的含义，则选出正确答案B. misinterpret(曲解)。

3. 转折/对比关系解答词汇题实例

一个句子中出现了转折或对比关系时，则转折词前后的内容相反。表示转折关系的信号词有although, despite, in spite of, instead (of), while, on the contrary, conversely, rather than, however, but, whereas等。

例题分析

Paragraph 4: But when a new area is fueled by rain, the mammals migrate toward it in a set order to exploit it. The larger, less fastidious feeders, the zebras, move in first; the choosier, smaller wildebeests come later; and the smallest species of all, Thomson’s gazelle, arrives last.

10. The word fastidious in the passage is closest in meaning to

A. rapid

B. determined

C. flexible

D. demanding

解析

本句中虽然没有明确的出现表对比的信号词，但是考生很容易发现the larger, less fastidious feeders, the zebras, move in first; the choosier, smaller wildebeests come later; 前后两句形成对比关系，其中larger与smaller互为反义词，则可推测出less fastidious与choosier同样互为反义词，则进一步推出fastidious与choosier应为近义词，choosier为“挑剔的”意思，所以选出正确答案D. demanding(苛求的)，fastidious本身意为“挑剔的，吹毛求疵的”含义。

同词异意对比法。如：bear, bill, scale等。

常用的托福阅读词汇题解答技巧就推荐这些，如在学习过程中发现错误或者有问题咨询的话，欢迎添加新航道专业老师微信(微信号：shnc_2018)进行详细咨询。

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