托福阅读场景词汇：植物相关英语词汇四节【新航道原创】

发布时间：2021-05-11 10:48

托福阅读场景词汇：植物相关英语词汇三节【新航道原创】

1托福阅读场景词汇：植物相关英语词汇四节

botanist

释义•n.植物学家

例句•The flotation samples from the excavations allowed botanists to study shifts in plant-collecting habits as if they were looking through a telescope at a changing landscape.(TPO 20-2)

bud

释义•n.花蕾；芽v.发芽

例句•When buds are still small, less than a quarter of an inch long, the sepal nectaries are already present and producing nectar.（TPO 34-3)

cedar

释义•n.雪松；香柏

例句•Even with snow on the ground, the high bushy understory is exposed; also snow and wind bring down leafy branches of cedar, hemlock , red alder, and other arboreal fodder. (TPC4-1)

cellulose

释义•n.纤维素

例句•Green algae store food as starch , as do land plants and have cell walls made of cellulose, similar in composition to those of land plants. (TPO 25-3)

cluster

释义•n.丛；簇；群v.使密集

例句. The result is insignificant-looking flowers and catkins (dense cylindrical clusters of small, petalless flowers). (TPO 45-2)

evergreen

释义•n.常绿树；常绿植物adj.常绿的

例句•Timberline trees are normally evergreens, suggesting that these have some advantage over deciduous trees (those that lose their leaves) in the extreme environments of the upper timberline. (TPO 1-3)

hay

释义•n.干草

例句•Tame grasses replaced native grasses in pastures for making hay.(TPO 33-2)

lush

释义•草木繁茂的；茂盛的；豪华的

例句•Many areas of the shallow sea bottom are covered with a lush growth of aquatic flowering plants adapted to live submerged in seawater.(TPO 44-3)

maple

释义•n.枫树；淡棕色

例句•The smooth bark of small red maples makes this species ideal for buck rubs in the forests of the mid-eastern United States.（TPO 28-3)l

sepal

释义•n.萼片

例句•When buds are still small, less than a quarter of an inch long, the sepal nectaries are already present and producing nectar （TPO 34-2)

stalk

释义•n.叶柄；茎；潜随

例句•Grasses are simple forms of angiosperms that bear their encapsulated seeds on long stalks. (TPO 9-3)

trunk

释义•n.树干；象鼻；躯干

例句•The ground in a logged forest may remain covered with branches and treetops, left behind when the valuable trunks are carted away. (TPO 39-3)

xerophyte

释义•n.旱生植物

例句•Most desert plants are probably best classified as xerophytes.（TPO 26-2)

burgeoning

释义•adj.增长迅速的

例句•Much of the increased production was consumed by Great Britain's burgeoning population. (TPO 49-3)

cacti

释义•n.仙人掌（pl.)

例句•Some xerophytes, the succulents (including cacti),store water in their structures.(TPO 26-2)

jungle

释义•n.丛林；密林

例句•To understand the ancient Mayan people and the ecological difficulties they faced, one must first consider their environment, which we think of as "jungle" or “tropical rainforest.”（TPO 14-2)

lumber

释义•n.木材v.砍伐；笨重地行进

例句•In turn, population growth in agricultural areas triggered industrial development in cities, for the new settlers needed lumber for fences and houses and mils to grind wheat into flour. (TPO 50-1)

mow

释义•v.割草

例句•Efforts to control Spartina outside its natural environment have included burning, flooding, shading plants with black canvas or plastic,applying herbicide, and mowing repeatedly.(TPO22-1)

petal

释义•n.花瓣

例句•Since wind-pollinated flowers have no need to attract insects or other animals, they have dispensed with bright petals, nectar, and scent.(TPO 45-2)

petiole

释义•n.叶柄；柄部

例句•Leaves develop chlorosis; stems are short and slender, and anthocyanin discoloration occurs on stems, petioles ,and lower leaf surfaces.(TPO 5-1)

scrubland

释义•n.灌木丛林地

例句•This species ,which lives in the rain forests and scrublands of the east coast of Australia, has a neck collar of orange-yellow loosely hanging skin. (TPO 17-2)

sod

释义•n.草皮；草地V.铺上草皮

例句•In 1837,however,John Deere patented a sharp-cutting steel plow that sliced through the sod without soil sticking to the blade.(TPO 33-2)

2托福阅读词汇题解答技巧

除了集中强化地背单词之外，考生还应学会根据单词所在的上下文语境利用逻辑关系来推测单词的含义。在考试过程中，考生可以利用到的逻辑关系有并列关系，举例关系和转折关系。下面将依次举例进行说明。

1. 并列关系解答词汇题实例

如果两个句子成分之间是并列的关系，则它们的感情色彩应该相近，所描述的内容性质也相近。常见的表示并列关系的信号词有：and, both…and, as well as, also, similarly, equally, likewise等。

例题分析：

Paragraph 4: The ice shelf cores, with a total length of 215 meters (705 feet), were long enough to penetrate through glacial ice---which is formed from the compaction of snow and contains air bubbles---and to continue into the clear, bubble-free ice formed from seawater that freezes onto the bottom of the glacial ice. (OG Test 2 Green Icebergs)

4. The word penetrate in the passage is closest in meaning to

A. collect

B. pierce

C. melt

D. endure

解析

本句较长，破折号中的从句是对前面的glacial ice的修饰，可暂且忽略不看，因此由句子中的and可知，and前后的词penetrate和continue into是并列关系，continue into表达“进入”的含义，因此可对选项进行筛选，collect为“收集”，melt意为“溶解，融化”，endure意为“持续;容忍”，因此可推测出答案为B选项。B选项中的pierce为“渗透，渗入”的意思，与penetrate(渗透，穿透)同义。

2. 举例关系解答词汇题实例

举例是对前面的观点进行论证和解释，因此例子与其论证对象的特质相一致。表示举例关系的信号词有for example/instance, such as, like, including等。

例题分析

Paragraph 8: People decide whether they will act aggressively or not on the basis of factors such as their experiences with aggression and their interpretation of other people's motives. Supporting evidence comes from research showing that aggressive people often distort other people's motives. For example, they assume that other people mean them harm when they do not.

10. The word “distort” in the passage is closest in meaning to

A. mistrust

B. misinterpret

C. criticize

D. resent

解析

后句中看到信号词for example, 则是举例子来论证前面的观点。后句意思为“他们认为别人想伤害自己，而事实并非如此”，可以看出是误解了别人的想法，那么前句的观点应当是“有攻击性的人经常误解别人的动机”，由此可以推测出distort为“误解，曲解”类似的含义，则选出正确答案B. misinterpret(曲解)。

3. 转折/对比关系解答词汇题实例

一个句子中出现了转折或对比关系时，则转折词前后的内容相反。表示转折关系的信号词有although, despite, in spite of, instead (of), while, on the contrary, conversely, rather than, however, but, whereas等。

例题分析

Paragraph 4: But when a new area is fueled by rain, the mammals migrate toward it in a set order to exploit it. The larger, less fastidious feeders, the zebras, move in first; the choosier, smaller wildebeests come later; and the smallest species of all, Thomson’s gazelle, arrives last.

10. The word fastidious in the passage is closest in meaning to

A. rapid

B. determined

C. flexible

D. demanding

解析

本句中虽然没有明确的出现表对比的信号词，但是考生很容易发现the larger, less fastidious feeders, the zebras, move in first; the choosier, smaller wildebeests come later; 前后两句形成对比关系，其中larger与smaller互为反义词，则可推测出less fastidious与choosier同样互为反义词，则进一步推出fastidious与choosier应为近义词，choosier为“挑剔的”意思，所以选出正确答案D. demanding(苛求的)，fastidious本身意为“挑剔的，吹毛求疵的”含义。

同词异意对比法。如：bear, bill, scale等。

常用的托福阅读词汇题解答技巧就推荐这些，如在学习过程中发现错误或者有问题咨询的话，欢迎添加新航道专业老师微信(微信号：shnc_2018)进行详细咨询。

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