托福阅读场景词汇：植物相关英语词汇二节【新航道原创】

发布时间：2021-05-11 10:40

1托福阅读场景词汇：植物相关英语词汇二节

phytoplankton

释义•n.浮游植物

例句•Phytoplankton are minute, free-floating aquatic plants.(TPO35-3)

corn

释义•n. ［英］谷物；［美］玉米

例句•Native Americans had grown corn in the region for years, but never in such large fields as did later settlers who became farmers, ... (TPO 33-2)

spartina

释义•n.互花米草；大米草

例句.Spartina alterniflora , known as cordgrass , is a deciduous, perennial flowering plant native to the Atlantic coast and the Gulf Coast of the United States.(TPO22-1)

deficient

释义• 缺乏的；有缺陷的

例句. Some soils are notoriously deficient in micro nutrients and are therefore unable to support most plant life.(TPO 5-1)

反义•sufficient adj.足够的；充分的

flora

释义•n.植物群

例句•Lichens were probably the first successful flora.(TPO 9-3)

timberline

释义•几树带界线；林线

例句•At the upper timberline the trees begin to become twisted and deformed.(TPO1-3)

prairie

释义•大草原；大牧场

例句•The other species, the Columbian white-tailed deer, in earlier times was common in the open prairie country. (TPO 4-1)

weed

释义•n.杂草；大麻；废物v.除杂草

例句•Another unanswered question is whether herbicide-resistant genes will move into the populations of weeds. (TPO 38-3)

branch

释义•n.分支；树枝v.分开；分叉

例句•Pollen produced higher in the top branches is likely to go farther: it is windier (and gustier) and the pollen can be blown farther before hitting the ground.(TPO 45-2)

grassland

释义•n.草原；牧场；草地t

例句•One of the first studies to provide data supporting a relationship between diversity and stability examined how grassland plants responded to a drought. (TPO 46-3)

nectar

释义•n.花蜜；甘露

例句•To return this favor, ants guard the nectaries , driving away or killing intruding insects that might compete with ants for nectar.(TPO 34-3)

shrub

释义•n.灌木：灌木丛

例句•Birds shelter in nests, rock overhangs, trees ,and dense shrubs to avoid the hottest hours of the day, while mammals like the kangaroo rat burrow underground. (TPO 26-2)

extrafloral

释义•adj.在花外的

例句•Like floral nectar, extrafloral nectar consists mainly of water with a high content of dissolved sugars and, in some plants, small amounts of amino acids.(TPO 34-3)

photosynthesis

释义•n.光合作用

例句•The algae capture the sun's energy by photosynthesis and store it in organic molecules. (TPO 9-3)

派生•photosynthetic adj.光合的；促进光合作用的

spore

释义•n.孢子

例句•Spores light enough to float on the breezes were carried thousands of miles from more ancient lands and deposited at random across the bare mountain flanks. (TPO 9-3)

understory

释义•n.林下叶层

例句•In an ideal world, the Forest Service would manage and restore the forests, thin them out, and remove the dense understory by cutting or by controlled small fires.(TPO 39-3)

angiosperm

释义•n.被子植物

例句•One type of seed-bearing plant, the angiosperm, includes all forms of blooming vegetation. (TPO 9-3)

派生•gymnosperm n.裸子植物

biodiversity

Biodiversity collapsed dramatically during at least five periods

释义•几生物多样性

例句•Biodiversity collapsed dramatically during at least five periods because of mass extinctions around the globe. (TPO 33-3)

fiber6

释义•n.纤维；光纤；（织物的）质地

例句•As hare density increases, the quantity of these twigs decreases, forcing the hares to feed on low-quality high-fiber food.(TPO 27-3)

派生•fibrous adj.含纤维的；纤维性的

leaf

释义•n.叶子；（纸）页，张v.浏览

例句•Loss of water through the leaves is reduced by means of dense hairs covering waxy leaf surfaces, and by the closure of pores during the hottest times to reduce water loss. (TPO 26-2)

派生•leaflet n.传单

broadleaf n.阔叶树

moss

释义•n.苔藓；泥炭沼

例句•Now, other forms of life could take hold: ferns and mosses (two of the most ancient types of land plants) that flourish even in rock crevices.(TPO 9-3)

papyrus

释义•n.纸莎草；纸莎草纸

例句•The ancient Egyptians invented a different way of writing and a new substance to write on-papyrus , a precursor of paper, made from a wetland plant.(TPO 39-1)

pine

释义•n.松树

例句•The pine tree, peach, and crane are emblems of long life.(TPO10-1)

ponderosa

释义•n.美国黄松

例句•The mature ponderosa trees have bark two inches thick and are relatively resistant to fire.(TPO 39-3)

reed

释义•n.芦苇

例句•In ancient times the banks of the Nile were lined with papyrus plants, and from the papyrus reeds the Egyptians made a form of paper.(TPO 46-1)

steppe

释义•n.干草原

例句•In many semiarid areas there is also a lower timberline where the forest passes into steppe or desert at its lower edge, usually because of a lack of moisture. (TPO 1-3)

2托福阅读词汇题解答技巧

除了集中强化地背单词之外，考生还应学会根据单词所在的上下文语境利用逻辑关系来推测单词的含义。在考试过程中，考生可以利用到的逻辑关系有并列关系，举例关系和转折关系。下面将依次举例进行说明。

1. 并列关系解答词汇题实例

如果两个句子成分之间是并列的关系，则它们的感情色彩应该相近，所描述的内容性质也相近。常见的表示并列关系的信号词有：and, both…and, as well as, also, similarly, equally, likewise等。

例题分析：

Paragraph 4: The ice shelf cores, with a total length of 215 meters (705 feet), were long enough to penetrate through glacial ice---which is formed from the compaction of snow and contains air bubbles---and to continue into the clear, bubble-free ice formed from seawater that freezes onto the bottom of the glacial ice. (OG Test 2 Green Icebergs)

4. The word penetrate in the passage is closest in meaning to

A. collect

B. pierce

C. melt

D. endure

解析

本句较长，破折号中的从句是对前面的glacial ice的修饰，可暂且忽略不看，因此由句子中的and可知，and前后的词penetrate和continue into是并列关系，continue into表达“进入”的含义，因此可对选项进行筛选，collect为“收集”，melt意为“溶解，融化”，endure意为“持续;容忍”，因此可推测出答案为B选项。B选项中的pierce为“渗透，渗入”的意思，与penetrate(渗透，穿透)同义。

2. 举例关系解答词汇题实例

举例是对前面的观点进行论证和解释，因此例子与其论证对象的特质相一致。表示举例关系的信号词有for example/instance, such as, like, including等。

例题分析

Paragraph 8: People decide whether they will act aggressively or not on the basis of factors such as their experiences with aggression and their interpretation of other people's motives. Supporting evidence comes from research showing that aggressive people often distort other people's motives. For example, they assume that other people mean them harm when they do not.

10. The word “distort” in the passage is closest in meaning to

A. mistrust

B. misinterpret

C. criticize

D. resent

解析

后句中看到信号词for example, 则是举例子来论证前面的观点。后句意思为“他们认为别人想伤害自己，而事实并非如此”，可以看出是误解了别人的想法，那么前句的观点应当是“有攻击性的人经常误解别人的动机”，由此可以推测出distort为“误解，曲解”类似的含义，则选出正确答案B. misinterpret(曲解)。

3. 转折/对比关系解答词汇题实例

一个句子中出现了转折或对比关系时，则转折词前后的内容相反。表示转折关系的信号词有although, despite, in spite of, instead (of), while, on the contrary, conversely, rather than, however, but, whereas等。

例题分析

Paragraph 4: But when a new area is fueled by rain, the mammals migrate toward it in a set order to exploit it. The larger, less fastidious feeders, the zebras, move in first; the choosier, smaller wildebeests come later; and the smallest species of all, Thomson’s gazelle, arrives last.

10. The word fastidious in the passage is closest in meaning to

A. rapid

B. determined

C. flexible

D. demanding

解析

本句中虽然没有明确的出现表对比的信号词，但是考生很容易发现the larger, less fastidious feeders, the zebras, move in first; the choosier, smaller wildebeests come later; 前后两句形成对比关系，其中larger与smaller互为反义词，则可推测出less fastidious与choosier同样互为反义词，则进一步推出fastidious与choosier应为近义词，choosier为“挑剔的”意思，所以选出正确答案D. demanding(苛求的)，fastidious本身意为“挑剔的，吹毛求疵的”含义。

同词异意对比法。如：bear, bill, scale等。

常用的托福阅读词汇题解答技巧就推荐这些，如在学习过程中发现错误或者有问题咨询的话，欢迎添加新航道专业老师微信(微信号：shnc_2018)进行详细咨询。

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