托福阅读场景词汇：经济贸易类英语词汇一节【新航道原创】

托福阅读场景类词汇-经济贸易类英语词汇：

produce  

释义. K生产:制作;繁育

例句. Population cannot grow unless the rural economy can produce enough additional food to feed more people.(TPO10-3)

material  

释义. n.材料:原料adj.重要的:物质的:实质性的

例句.

If you are constantly on the move, you cannot afford to accumulate large material surpluses. (TPO 14-3)

trade   

释义. n.贸易;行业V.用..进行交换:买卖

例句. As small countries dependent on foreign markets, they followed a liberal trade policy in the main, though a protectionist movement developed in Sweden. (TPO 18-1)

派生. Trader n. 交易者:商人;商船

industry 

释义. n. 工业;产业; a勤勉

例句. It liberated in dusty from dependence on running water (TPO 6-1)

派生.industrial adj.工业的;产业的

Industrialize v.使工业化;实现工业化

indutrialization.工业化

economic 

释义. adj 经济的:经济学的

例句. The political institutions of the four countries posed no significant barriers to industrialization or economic growth.(TPO 18-1)

派生.Economy n. 经济:节约:理财

economical adj.经济的:节约的:合算的

energy 

释义.n.[物]能量; 精力:活力

例句. Until the eighteenth century, people relied on energy derived from plants as well as animal and human muscle to provide power. (TPO 26-1)

steam  

释义. n. 蒸汽x蒸adj.蒸汽的

例句. Watt's steam engine soon showed what it could do. (TPO6-1)

supply 

释义. n. 供给V供应;供给;提供

例句. At the city of Coba the Maya built dikes around a lake in order to raise its level and make their water supply more reliable.

(TPO 14-2)

production  

释义. n. 产品;生产;产量;产生

例句. Increased agricultural production in turn facilitated rural industry, an intrinsic part of the expansion of industry. (TPO10-3)

grain  

释义. n. 谷物;粮食;颗粒;纹理

例句. Because of the growth of population, most of the great forests of medieval Britain had long ago been replaced by fields of grain and hay. (TPO 34-2)

market

释义. n.市场v.推销:促销

例句. It may be in.pool too small or 100 far from a potential market to justify the expense of drilling. (TPO 4-3)

demand  

释义. n.需求v.要求:需要

例句.Dutch agriculture was modernized and commercialized new crops and agricultural techniques raised levels of production so that they were in line with market demands. (TPO 23-2)

engine

释义. n.发动机

例句. The engine eliminated water in the mines by driving efficient pumps, which made possible deeper and deeper mining. (TPO6-1)

product  

释义. n.产品;结果

例句. They represent the advertiser's opinions about the qualities of their products or brand and, as a consequence, are difficult to verity. (TPO 14-2)

merchant  

释义. n. 商人adj.商业的;商人的

例句.Merchants no longer had to carry gold and silver over long, dangerous journeys. (TPO 10-3)

exchange  

释义. v.交换n.交换;交易所;兑换

例句. These goods were exchanged for finished products, mainly cloth and salt, from western cities. (TPO 46-2)

Navigate 

释义. V. 航行;航海;导航

例句. Perhaps they navigate by the night sky (TPO 11-2)

派生. navigable adj.可航行的:可驾驶的;适于航行的

navigation.航行:航海

navigator n航海家

scale  

释义.n規模;鱗;刻度;数值范围V.攀登;刮鳞;改变..的大小

例句.

The sheer scale of the investment it took to begin commercial expansion at sea reflects the immensity of the profits that Such East-West trade could create. (TPO 17-1)

machine  

释义.n. 机器，机械; 机构V.用机器制造

例句.Only the last of these was suited at all to the continuous operating of machines. (TPO 6-1)

mill 

释义. n. 磨粉机; 工厂v. (用磨粉机)碾碎，磨成粉

例句. Although waterpower abounded in Lancashire and Scotland and ran grain mills as well as textile mills, it had one great disadvantage. (TPO 6-1)

canal  

释义.n. 运河;水道

例句. Steam also promised to eliminate a transportation problem not fully solved by either canal boats or turnpikes. (TPO6-1)

deal

释义. V. 处理;分配n.交易

例句. How did those dense southern Maya populations deal with the resulting water problem? (TPO 14-2)

strike 

释义. V. 罢工;打n.罢工;打击

例句. During hard times, few workers were willing to strike or engage in collective action. (OG-5)

productivity 

释义.n.生产力;生产率

例句.Productivity in agriculture was also improved by capital investments, first of all in irrigation. (TPO 48-1)

artisan

释义.n. 工匠，技工

Before 1815 manufacturing in the United States had been done in homes or shops by killed artisans. (OG-5)

bank 

释义.n.岸:银行V. ..存入银行:倾鈄转弯

例句.Water-driven factories had to be located on their banks whether or not the location was desirable for other reasons.(TPO 6-1)

派生.banker n.银行家

托福阅读词汇题解答技巧

除了集中强化地背单词之外，考生还应学会根据单词所在的上下文语境利用逻辑关系来推测单词的含义。在考试过程中，考生可以利用到的逻辑关系有并列关系，举例关系和转折关系。下面将依次举例进行说明。

1. 并列关系解答词汇题实例

如果两个句子成分之间是并列的关系，则它们的感情色彩应该相近，所描述的内容性质也相近。常见的表示并列关系的信号词有：and, both…and, as well as, also, similarly, equally, likewise等。

例题分析：

Paragraph 4: The ice shelf cores, with a total length of 215 meters (705 feet), were long enough to penetrate through glacial ice---which is formed from the compaction of snow and contains air bubbles---and to continue into the clear, bubble-free ice formed from seawater that freezes onto the bottom of the glacial ice. (OG Test 2 Green Icebergs)

4. The word penetrate in the passage is closest in meaning to

A. collect

B. pierce

C. melt

D. endure

解析

本句较长，破折号中的从句是对前面的glacial ice的修饰，可暂且忽略不看，因此由句子中的and可知，and前后的词penetrate和continue into是并列关系，continue into表达“进入”的含义，因此可对选项进行筛选，collect为“收集”，melt意为“溶解，融化”，endure意为“持续;容忍”，因此可推测出答案为B选项。B选项中的pierce为“渗透，渗入”的意思，与penetrate(渗透，穿透)同义。

2. 举例关系解答词汇题实例

举例是对前面的观点进行论证和解释，因此例子与其论证对象的特质相一致。表示举例关系的信号词有for example/instance, such as, like, including等。

例题分析

Paragraph 8: People decide whether they will act aggressively or not on the basis of factors such as their experiences with aggression and their interpretation of other people's motives. Supporting evidence comes from research showing that aggressive people often distort other people's motives. For example, they assume that other people mean them harm when they do not.

10. The word “distort” in the passage is closest in meaning to

A. mistrust

B. misinterpret

C. criticize

D. resent

解析

后句中看到信号词for example, 则是举例子来论证前面的观点。后句意思为“他们认为别人想伤害自己，而事实并非如此”，可以看出是误解了别人的想法，那么前句的观点应当是“有攻击性的人经常误解别人的动机”，由此可以推测出distort为“误解，曲解”类似的含义，则选出正确答案B. misinterpret(曲解)。

3. 转折/对比关系解答词汇题实例

一个句子中出现了转折或对比关系时，则转折词前后的内容相反。表示转折关系的信号词有although, despite, in spite of, instead (of), while, on the contrary, conversely, rather than, however, but, whereas等。

例题分析

Paragraph 4: But when a new area is fueled by rain, the mammals migrate toward it in a set order to exploit it. The larger, less fastidious feeders, the zebras, move in first; the choosier, smaller wildebeests come later; and the smallest species of all, Thomson’s gazelle, arrives last.

10. The word fastidious in the passage is closest in meaning to

A. rapid

B. determined

C. flexible

D. demanding

解析

本句中虽然没有明确的出现表对比的信号词，但是考生很容易发现the larger, less fastidious feeders, the zebras, move in first; the choosier, smaller wildebeests come later; 前后两句形成对比关系，其中larger与smaller互为反义词，则可推测出less fastidious与choosier同样互为反义词，则进一步推出fastidious与choosier应为近义词，choosier为“挑剔的”意思，所以选出正确答案D. demanding(苛求的)，fastidious本身意为“挑剔的，吹毛求疵的”含义。

同词异意对比法。如：bear, bill, scale等。

常用的托福阅读词汇题解答技巧就推荐这些，如在学习过程中发现错误或者有问题咨询的话，欢迎添加新航道专业老师微信(微信号：shnc_2018)进行详细咨询。