托福阅读场景词汇：经济贸易类英语词汇二节【新航道原创】

托福阅读场景类词汇-经济贸易类英语词汇第二节：

Business

释义.n.企业;商业:交易:事情

例句.These products were bought mostly by urban businesses.(TPO 23-2)

invest  

释义. v.投资

例句. Only iron smelting and mining required marshaling a significant amount of capital (wealth invested to create more wealth). (TPO 10-3)

Venetian  

释义.adj. 威尼斯的;威尼斯人的n.威尼斯人

例句.This decline can be seen clearly in the changes that affected Venetian shipping and trade. (TPO 25-2)

consume  

释义.V.消耗，耗费;使..着迷

例句.To keep 40 people alive that winter, they consumed approximately 150 elk and 20 deer. (TPO 4-1)

sail

释义. n.帆v.航行

例句.The principal seagoing ship used throughout the Middle Ages was the galley, a long, low ship fitted with sails but driven primarily by oars. (TPO 17-1)

association

释义.n.联盟;协会

例句.When an association continues long enough for two people to become linked together by a relatively stable set of expectations, it is called a relationship. (TPO 13-1)

crisis 

释义.n.危机

例句.Traditionally, it was believed that the transition to agriculture was the result of a worldwide population crisis. (TPO 21-2)

finance 

释义.V.提供资金n. 财政;金融

例句. This capital financed the production of goods, storage, trade and even credit across Europe and overseas. (TPO 10-3)

派生.financial adj.金融的;财务的

financier adj.金融家

mechanical  

释义.adj. 机械的;手工操作的

例句. Great Britain had large amounts of coal; however, there were not yet efficient means by which to produce mechanical energy or to power machinery. (TPO 26-1)

raw  

释义. adj. 生的;未加工的

例句. Processed wood (charcoal) was the fuel that was mixed with iron ore in the blat furnace to produce pig iron (raw ion),(TPO 34-2)

Commerce

释义.n.商业;贸易;商务

例句. But with the development of trade and commerce in Alexander's empire came the growth of cities; it was no longer possible to be a jack-of-all-trades.(TPO 43-1)

派生.

commercial adj.商业的;营利的n.商业广告

commercialize V.使商业化;使商品化

commercialization.商品化;商业化

pay

释义.V.支付;偿还n.薪酬;工资

例句. The client who pays for the building and defines its function is an important member of the architectural team. (TPO 3-2)

capital

释义.n资金;首都;大写字母adj. 首都的;大写的

例句. The rapid expansion in international trade also benefitted from an infusion of capital, stemming largely from gold and silver brought by Spanish vessels from the Americas. (TPO 10-3)

wheat

释义.n.小麦;小麦色

例句. Ogallala water has enabled the High Plains region to supply significant amounts of the cotton, sorghum, wheat, and com grown in the United States. (TPO 3-2)

bill  

释义.n.钞票;[法]法案;账单v.开账单

例句. Bills of exchange contributed to the development of banks, as exchangers began to provide loans. (TPO 10-3)

commodity  

释义.n. 商品;货物

例句. Spices were the most sought after commodities. (TPO 17-1)

consumer 

释义.n.消费者;顾客

例句. Great Britain also had rich deposits of coal that fed the factories springing up in industrial and consumer goods. (TPO49-3)

manufacture 

释义..制造n.制造业;制造

例句.Spices not only dramatically improved the taste of the European diet but also were used to manufacture perfumes and certain medicines. (TPO 17-1)

派生.

manufacturer n.制造商

profit  

释义.n. 利润;利益V.获益

例句.The fencing of common fields and pastures in order to provide more compact, efficient privately held agricultural parcels that would produce more goods and greater profits. (TPO 49-3)

depression 

释义.n.萧条期;沮丧;洼地

例句. With the onset of economic depression in the late 1830s.

however, state governments scrapped overly ambitious railroad projects. (TPO 50-1)

purchase

释义.V.购买n.购买

例句. Well aware of the economic benefits of railroads , individuals living near them had long purchased railroad stock issued by governments. (TPO 50-1)

派生. Purchaser n. 买方

sale  

释义. n.销售;销售额

义: Printing, however was primarily aimed at a cheap mass sale.(TPO 49-2)

yield  

释义.n.产量;利润V屈服;出产;放弃

例句. The increased yield and price of land justified reclaiming and draining even more land. (TPO 23-2)

bronze  

释义. n. 青铜adj.青铜色的;青铜制的

例句. Although copper and stone tools continued to be used, bronze was far more successful in creating sharp edges... (TPO 26-3)

Joint 

释义.n.接合处;接头;接点;关节adj. 共同的;联合的

例句. Groundwater is stored in the pore spaces and joints of rocks and unconsolidated unsolidified) sediments or in the openings…(TPO 12-3)

托福阅读词汇题解答技巧

除了集中强化地背单词之外，考生还应学会根据单词所在的上下文语境利用逻辑关系来推测单词的含义。在考试过程中，考生可以利用到的逻辑关系有并列关系，举例关系和转折关系。下面将依次举例进行说明。

1. 并列关系解答词汇题实例

如果两个句子成分之间是并列的关系，则它们的感情色彩应该相近，所描述的内容性质也相近。常见的表示并列关系的信号词有：and, both…and, as well as, also, similarly, equally, likewise等。

例题分析：

Paragraph 4: The ice shelf cores, with a total length of 215 meters (705 feet), were long enough to penetrate through glacial ice---which is formed from the compaction of snow and contains air bubbles---and to continue into the clear, bubble-free ice formed from seawater that freezes onto the bottom of the glacial ice. (OG Test 2 Green Icebergs)

4. The word penetrate in the passage is closest in meaning to

A. collect

B. pierce

C. melt

D. endure

解析

本句较长，破折号中的从句是对前面的glacial ice的修饰，可暂且忽略不看，因此由句子中的and可知，and前后的词penetrate和continue into是并列关系，continue into表达“进入”的含义，因此可对选项进行筛选，collect为“收集”，melt意为“溶解，融化”，endure意为“持续;容忍”，因此可推测出答案为B选项。B选项中的pierce为“渗透，渗入”的意思，与penetrate(渗透，穿透)同义。

2. 举例关系解答词汇题实例

举例是对前面的观点进行论证和解释，因此例子与其论证对象的特质相一致。表示举例关系的信号词有for example/instance, such as, like, including等。

例题分析

Paragraph 8: People decide whether they will act aggressively or not on the basis of factors such as their experiences with aggression and their interpretation of other people's motives. Supporting evidence comes from research showing that aggressive people often distort other people's motives. For example, they assume that other people mean them harm when they do not.

10. The word “distort” in the passage is closest in meaning to

A. mistrust

B. misinterpret

C. criticize

D. resent

解析

后句中看到信号词for example, 则是举例子来论证前面的观点。后句意思为“他们认为别人想伤害自己，而事实并非如此”，可以看出是误解了别人的想法，那么前句的观点应当是“有攻击性的人经常误解别人的动机”，由此可以推测出distort为“误解，曲解”类似的含义，则选出正确答案B. misinterpret(曲解)。

3. 转折/对比关系解答词汇题实例

一个句子中出现了转折或对比关系时，则转折词前后的内容相反。表示转折关系的信号词有although, despite, in spite of, instead (of), while, on the contrary, conversely, rather than, however, but, whereas等。

例题分析

Paragraph 4: But when a new area is fueled by rain, the mammals migrate toward it in a set order to exploit it. The larger, less fastidious feeders, the zebras, move in first; the choosier, smaller wildebeests come later; and the smallest species of all, Thomson’s gazelle, arrives last.

10. The word fastidious in the passage is closest in meaning to

A. rapid

B. determined

C. flexible

D. demanding

解析

本句中虽然没有明确的出现表对比的信号词，但是考生很容易发现the larger, less fastidious feeders, the zebras, move in first; the choosier, smaller wildebeests come later; 前后两句形成对比关系，其中larger与smaller互为反义词，则可推测出less fastidious与choosier同样互为反义词，则进一步推出fastidious与choosier应为近义词，choosier为“挑剔的”意思，所以选出正确答案D. demanding(苛求的)，fastidious本身意为“挑剔的，吹毛求疵的”含义。

同词异意对比法。如：bear, bill, scale等。

常用的托福阅读词汇题解答技巧就推荐这些，如在学习过程中发现错误或者有问题咨询的话，欢迎添加新航道专业老师微信(微信号：shnc_2018)进行详细咨询。