托福阅读场景词汇：动物相关英语词汇五节【新航道原创】
相关内容推荐：
动物类英语词汇（一）
动物类英语词汇（二）
动物类英语词汇（三）
动物类英语词汇（四）
动物类英语词汇（五）
动物类英语词汇同义词替换练习
1托福阅读场景词汇：动物相关英语词汇五节
toddler
释义•n.学步的儿童
例句•While such repression may occur ,people cannot remember ordinary events from the infant and toddler periods either.（TPO 6-3)
diaphragm
释义•n.隔膜
例句。In addition, breathing during REM depends much more on the action of the diaphragm and much less on rib cage action.（TPO 24-2)
arthropod
释义n.节肢动物
例句In addition ,plants had emerged into terrestrial habitats in areas near streams and ponds, and crabs and other arthropods were also members of this earliest terrestrial community.(TPO 44-1)
circadian
释义• (指每24小时人或动物体内变化）昼夜节律的；生理节奏的
例句•Such a rhythm whose period is approximately-but not exactly-a day is called circadian.(TPO 13-2)
mollusk
释义•n.(无脊椎）软体动物
例句•For example ,sea stars prey on a variety of bivalve mollusks and prevent these bivalves from monopolizing habitats on the sea floor.(TPO 27-3)
mortality
释义•n.死亡数；死亡率；必死性
例句•While this contest over an unoccupied nest site produced no obvious mortality ,fights over occupied nests sometimes kill over 1,000 bees in a single battle.(TPO 32-3)
rodent3
释义•n.(脊椎）啮齿动物
例句。In contrast, small rodents may find a deep canyon or a wide river an effective barrier.(TPO 42-1)
vertebrate
释义n.脊椎动物 adj.有脊椎的
例句。In vertebrates ,the immune system provides a multiple defense against internal parasites.(TPO 17-3)
primate
释义n.灵长目动物；灵长类；大主教
例句•Play has been studied most extensively in primates and canids (dogs).(TPO 30-1)
spine
释义•n.脊椎；脊柱
例句。One question was related to evidence that the invertebrate fauna(animals without spines)of the Mediterranean had changed abruptly about 6 million years ago.(TPO 7-1)
camouflage
释义•V.伪装；掩饰n.伪装；掩饰
例句•Many species of amphibians(frogs and toads)and reptiles （lizards and snakes)are able to change their color patterns to camouflage themselves.(TPO 17-2)
disguise
释义•n.伪装；假装v.掩饰；假装
例句。Nobody saw through his disguise ,but his accent gave him away.
hatch
释义。v.孵化；策划n.孵化
例句。This drift has been studied extensively in many animals and in biological activities ranging from the hatching of fruit fly eggs to wheel running by squirrels.(TPO 13-2)
派生。hatchling n.刚孵化的小动物
2托福阅读词汇题解答技巧
除了集中强化地背单词之外，考生还应学会根据单词所在的上下文语境利用逻辑关系来推测单词的含义。在考试过程中，考生可以利用到的逻辑关系有并列关系，举例关系和转折关系。下面将依次举例进行说明。
1. 并列关系解答词汇题实例
如果两个句子成分之间是并列的关系，则它们的感情色彩应该相近，所描述的内容性质也相近。常见的表示并列关系的信号词有：and, both…and, as well as, also, similarly, equally, likewise等。
例题分析：
Paragraph 4: The ice shelf cores, with a total length of 215 meters (705 feet), were long enough to penetrate through glacial ice---which is formed from the compaction of snow and contains air bubbles---and to continue into the clear, bubble-free ice formed from seawater that freezes onto the bottom of the glacial ice. (OG Test 2 Green Icebergs)
4. The word penetrate in the passage is closest in meaning to
A. collect
B. pierce
C. melt
D. endure
解析
本句较长，破折号中的从句是对前面的glacial ice的修饰，可暂且忽略不看，因此由句子中的and可知，and前后的词penetrate和continue into是并列关系，continue into表达“进入”的含义，因此可对选项进行筛选，collect为“收集”，melt意为“溶解，融化”，endure意为“持续;容忍”，因此可推测出答案为B选项。B选项中的pierce为“渗透，渗入”的意思，与penetrate(渗透，穿透)同义。
2. 举例关系解答词汇题实例
举例是对前面的观点进行论证和解释，因此例子与其论证对象的特质相一致。表示举例关系的信号词有for example/instance, such as, like, including等。
例题分析
Paragraph 8: People decide whether they will act aggressively or not on the basis of factors such as their experiences with aggression and their interpretation of other people's motives. Supporting evidence comes from research showing that aggressive people often distort other people's motives. For example, they assume that other people mean them harm when they do not.
10. The word “distort” in the passage is closest in meaning to
A. mistrust
B. misinterpret
C. criticize
D. resent
解析
后句中看到信号词for example, 则是举例子来论证前面的观点。后句意思为“他们认为别人想伤害自己，而事实并非如此”，可以看出是误解了别人的想法，那么前句的观点应当是“有攻击性的人经常误解别人的动机”，由此可以推测出distort为“误解，曲解”类似的含义，则选出正确答案B. misinterpret(曲解)。
3. 转折/对比关系解答词汇题实例
一个句子中出现了转折或对比关系时，则转折词前后的内容相反。表示转折关系的信号词有although, despite, in spite of, instead (of), while, on the contrary, conversely, rather than, however, but, whereas等。
例题分析
Paragraph 4: But when a new area is fueled by rain, the mammals migrate toward it in a set order to exploit it. The larger, less fastidious feeders, the zebras, move in first; the choosier, smaller wildebeests come later; and the smallest species of all, Thomson’s gazelle, arrives last.
10. The word fastidious in the passage is closest in meaning to
A. rapid
B. determined
C. flexible
D. demanding
解析
本句中虽然没有明确的出现表对比的信号词，但是考生很容易发现the larger, less fastidious feeders, the zebras, move in first; the choosier, smaller wildebeests come later; 前后两句形成对比关系，其中larger与smaller互为反义词，则可推测出less fastidious与choosier同样互为反义词，则进一步推出fastidious与choosier应为近义词，choosier为“挑剔的”意思，所以选出正确答案D. demanding(苛求的)，fastidious本身意为“挑剔的，吹毛求疵的”含义。
同词异意对比法。如：bear, bill, scale等。
常用的托福阅读词汇题解答技巧就推荐这些，如在学习过程中发现错误或者有问题咨询的话，欢迎添加新航道专业老师微信(微信号：shnc_2018)进行详细咨询。
