2023年3月25日雅思考试阅读机经真题答案回忆【新航道版】

READING

Passage 1

Topic

科学研究

1-7为判断题

1. T

2.NG.

3. F

4. F

5. NG

6. T

7. T

8-13为填空题

8-12暂缺

13. training

Passage 2

Topic

澳大利亚原住民

14-19为段落匹配题

14.B:为了生存而开展的活动[关键词: survival activities,文中提到day-to-day hunting] ;

15. A:为了特殊场合而开展的活动[关键词: special oceasions， 文中提到ceremonies such as initiation] ;

16. E:某人以图腾的名字命名[关键词: a person's name，文中提到be named after] ;

17. G:婚姻模式的变化[关键词: change of marriage,文中说过去一 -夫多要制，现在一夫一妻制] ;

18. D:部落的大概数量[关键词: approsimate numberof tribes] ;

19. E:生物学结果[关键词: biological outcome,文中提到genetic makeup] ;

20-21为多选题

20. B:作为某风景特征的代表[关键词: feature of a landsceape,文中提到hill, rock等地貌特征]:

21.C:是-●种宗教仪式[关键词: religious ceremony] ;

22-26为填空题

22-23暂缺

24. pole

25. 70

26. sick

Passage 3

多重任务的争论

Multitasking Debate

Can you do them at the same time?

Talking on the phone while driving isn't the only situation where we're worse at multitasking than we might like to thiak we are.New Studies have identified a bottleneck in our brains that some say means we are fiundametally incapable of true multitasking If experimental findings reflet real-world performance. pcople who think they are moltitsking are probably just underperforming in all- or at best, all but one - of their parallel pursuits. Practice might imprere your performance, but you will never be as good as when focusing on one task. at a time.

C

The problem. according to Rene Marois, a psychologist at Vanderbilt University in Nashville,Tennssee, is that there's a sticking point in the brain. To demonstrate this, Marois devised an

experiment to locatc it. Volrofecre 3watch a screcn and when a particular image appears, a red circle,say, they have Jo pres akey with their index finger. Diferent coloured eircles require presses from different fingers. Typical response time is about half a second, and the volunteers quickly reach their peak performance. Then they learn to listen to different recordings and respondhy making a specific sound. For instance, when they hear a bird chirp, they have to say Tha'; an electronic sound should elicit a“ko". and so on. Again, no problem. A normal person can do that in about half a second, with almost no effort.

The trouble comcs when Marois shows the volunteers a image. and then almost immediatcly plays them a sound. Now theyire Tlummoxed.“If you show an image and play a sound at the same

timc, one task 1s postponed." he says. In fact, if the second task is introduced within the half-ccond or so it takes to process and react to the first, it will simply be delayed untifthe first one is done. The largest dual-task delays occur when the two tasks are presentedt Sanurdtancously: delays progressively shorten as the interval between presenting the tasks lengthens,There are at least three points where we seem to get stuck, says Marois. The first is simply identifying what we're lokingat. This can take a few tenths of a second, during which time weare not able to see and Tecogmize second item. This limitation is known as the "altentiomal blnk"e experiments have shown that if you're watching out for a particular event and a second one shows up .

unexpectedly amy time within this crucial window of conccntration, it may register in your visual cortex but you will be unable to act upon it. Interestingly, if you don't expeet the first event, you

have notromble responding to the second. What exactly causes the atnctone blink s still a matter ofdehate

A second limitation is in our short-term visual memory. It's estimated that we can keep track of about four items at a time, fewer if they aire complex. This ceapacity shortage is thought to explain, in part, our astonishing inabihieytodelcct eten huge changes in secencs that are otherwise identical, so-called“change blindness"Show people pairs of neridentical photos - say. aircraft engines in one picture have disappeared in the other - and they will fail to spot the differences. Here again, though, there is disagreement about what the essential limniting factor reallyis.Docs it come down to a dearth of storage ceapacity, or is it about how much atention a vieweris paying?

But David Meyer, a psychologist at the University of Mfichigan, Am Arbor, doesn't buy the bottlencck idea. He thinks dual-task interference is just evidence of a strategy used by the brain to prioritize mutiple activitiesMlerer is known as something of a optimist by his peers. He has written papers with fitleslikec wirtually perfect time-sharing in dual-task performanee: Uncorking the central cognitive botleck". His experiments have shown that with enough practice - at least 2000 trics - some pcople can cxccute two tasks simultancously as compelently i if they were doing them one afler the other. He suggcsts that there is a centa cognitive processor that coordinates all this and. what's more, he thinks it uscs discretion: sometimcs it chooscs to delay one task while completing another.

Marois agrees that praetice can sometimes erase itrference efects. He has found that with just 1 hour of practie eachdaytorfvo weeks, volunteers show a huge improvement at managing both

his tasks at onee. Where he disagrees with Meyer is in what the brain is doing to achieve this. Marois speculates that practice might give us the chance to find less congested eircuitis to execute a task rather like finding trusty back streets to avoid heavy taffie on mainroadsu efectively making our response to the task subconscious. After all, there are plenty of esamples of subconscious multitasking that most of us routincly manage: walking and talking. cating and reading. watching TV and folding the laundry.

It probably comcsB uo surprise that, generally speaking, we get worse at mutitaskingas we age. According to Art Kramer at the University of llinois at Urbana- Champaign, who studies how

aging affects our cognitive abilities, we peak in our 20s. Though the decline is slow through our 30s and on into our 50s, it is there. and after 55. it becomes more precipitous. In onerstidy, he and his colleagues had both young and old participants do a simulated driving Linsk syhile carrying on a conversation) He found that while young drivers tended to miss backgroind changes, older drivers failed to notice things that were highly relevant. Likewise. older subjects had more trouble paying attention to the more important parts oLascene than young drivens.

It's not all bad news fothoe oner-5Ss, though. Kramer also found that older people can benefit from the practice.No only dhid they learn to perform better but brain scans also showed that

underlying that improvement was a change in the way their brains become active. While it's clear that practice can often make a difference, especially a we age, the basice fuctsremain sobering. "We have this impression of an almighty complex brain/, says, Marois.“"ind yct we have very humbling and crippling limits." For most of our history, we probably never needed to do more than one thing at a time. he says, and so we haven't evolved to be able to. Perhaps we will in the future, though. We might yet look back one day or peaple like Debbie and Alun as ancestors of a new breed of true multitaskers.

27-32为段落细节匹配题

27. F

28. I

29. C

30. B

31.E

32. G

34-36为选择题

34. C

35. B

36.A

36-40为判断题

36. YES

37. YES

38. NO

39.NG

40.NO-