2017年6月3日雅思考试阅读机经真题答案回忆【新航道版】

Topic

选择与幸福感

Content Review

P1 推翻一种常见的认知

The opportunity to choose enhances our lives. It is logical to think that if some choice is good, more is better. And the wealthier a person is, the happier he will be. Yet, recent research strongly suggests that psychologically, this assumption is wrong. In some wealthy countries, people who have more choices are less happy.

P2 一个人调查的一种方法，引出两种人

Schward composed a set of statement-the Schward Maximization Scale-to diagnose people’s tendency to make choices. Thousands of people rated themselves on such statements as “I never settle for second best”. Those who seldom satisfied with their options are called “maximisers” and people who find an item that meets their standard are called “satisficers”.

P3 描述maximisers的表现

Maximisers are the least happy ones. They are more prone to experiencing regret after a purchase. They use a long time to think before making choices. So they are not happy about the decisions they make.

P4 通过问卷调查推测satisficers的表现

Asked people to fill out questionnaire and found those satisficers were more likely to be happy, because they do not think for long time before making decisions.

P5 提出“opportunity cost”

Several factors explain why more choices do not make people happy. High among these factors are “opportunity cost”. The quality of any given option cannot be assessed in isolation from its alternatives. One of the “cost” of making a selection is losing the opportunities that a different option would have afforded. People respond strongly to loses rather than gains.

P6 提出“regret”

Just as people feel sorrow about the opportunities they have forgone, they may also suffer from regret about the option they settle on. People with high sensitivity to regret are less happy, less satisfied with life, less optimistic and more depressed. Those people with high regret sensitivity tend to be maximisers.

P7 举theater例子

People were offered to the tickets to a local theater company. Some were offered the tickets at full price and others at half price. Researchers kept track of how often the ticket purchasers attended the play, and found that full-price payers were more likely to show up than the half-payers. The reason was that full-price buyers would experience more regret if they did not use the tickets because not using the tickets would be a big loss to them.

P8 作者建议

To increase sense of happiness, we can decide to restrict our options when the decision is not crucial. For example, making a rule to visit only two stores when shopping for clothes.

Questions & Answers

Questions 1-4 Match each description or deed with the correct category, A-D.

A. “maximisers”

B. “satisficers”

C. neither “maximisers” nor “satisficers”

D. both “maximisers” and “satisficers”

1. rated to the Maximisation Scale of making choices    D

2. do not take much time before making a decision      B

3. are likely to regret about the choice in the future      A

4. choose the highest price in the range of purchase     C

Questions 5-8 T/F/NG

5. In today’s world, since the society is becoming wealthier, people are happier. (F)

6. In society, there are more maximisers than satisficers. (NG)

7. People tend to react more to loses than gains. (T)

8. Females and males acted differently in the study of choice making.(NG)

Questions 9-13 Multiple Choice

9. The Maximisation Scale is aimed to

A. know the happiness when they have more choices.

B. measure how people are likely to feel after making choices.

C. help people make better choices.

D. reduce the time of purchasing.

10. According to the text, what is the result of more choices?

A. People can make choices more easily.

B. Maximisers are happier to make choices.

C. Satisfiers are quicker to make wise choices.

D. People have more tendency to experience regret.

11. The example of theater ticket is to suggest that

A. they prefer to use more money when buying tickets.

B. they do not like to spend more money on theater.

C. higher-priced things would induce more regret if not used properly.

D. full-price payers are real theater lovers.

12. How to increase the happiness when making a better choice?

A. use less time

B. make more comparisons

C. buy more expensive products

D. limit the number of choices in certain situations

13. What is the best title for Reading Passage 1?

A. Reasoning of Worse Choice Making

B. Making Choices in Today’s World

C. The influence of More Choices

D. Complexity in Choice Making

Topic

仿生发明

Content Review

文章大意：

很早之前人类就开始模仿自然创造发明了很多新产品及科技，随着工业化、科技、基因等技术的发展，人们逐渐觉得人类可以脱离自然了，但是许多科学家都谈到诸多发明创造都源于自然，尽管科学可能有很多优势，但是人类跟自然还是不可分割的。

Questions & Answers

Questions 14-18

CBACE

Questions 19-23

BDABC

Questions 24-26

mound, water, fans

Topic

Ancient Viruses

Content Review

A  Alaska’s snowless season is lengthening. People are worrying about the warming weather may result in that hurricanes and typhoons will reach the places where they never arrived and the flood may swallow all the fertile land. A famous researcher (Roger) claimed that virus, bacteria and fungi may survive under the ice sheet.

B  He found that a virus named ToMV has a tough protein coat, so it has survived under the ice sheet in Greenland for more than 14,000 years.

C  A kind of human influenza has been also discovered under the ice sheet. Fortunately, it is weaker than ToMV.

D  This discovery cannot convince all the scientists. But the famous researcher is confident at his.

E  If virus can survive under the ice, how they moved to all over the world. It’s safely concluded that they move with the help of migrating birds, dusts, water and sea creatures.

F  Most virus under the ice are located in the North part of earth, because human are more prevalent in the north hemisphere.

G  But not all the virus can survive through hibernation. It’s still possible that human influenza virus may survive longer in the process of freezing.

H  If all the ice melt, the ancient virus thaw out, humans, plants and marine animals will be victims because herd immunity has diminished. And scientists worry about that the ancient virus may mix with new ones to become supervirus.

Questions & Answers

Questions 27-33 Matching

27. reference to the storing of virus     D (原文中第四段有提到)

28. an opposing theory to Roger’s opinion     G (原文中第七段有详细描述)

29. an example of a long-lived virus     B (第二段描述了存活了很长时间的MoTV病毒)

30. effects of global warming     A (文章段描述了气候变暖可能导致的结果)

31. possible ways in which virus moved to all over the world     E (第五段详细讲了病毒可能移动的各种方式)

32. geographical reason of the virus location     F (第六段讲解了病毒为什么多冻结在北半球的冰层下)

33. types of virus have been discovered in the last decade     C (第三段先讲了发现的各种病毒，最后提到也发现了人类流感病毒)

Questions 34-40 Complete the note below

34. a kind of virus survived for so many years because of its tough protein coat

35. a virus discovered is weaker than MoTV, but still dangerous, that is human influenza

36. there are two ways to collect the virus and one of that is melting

37. the way to kill the virus called hibernation

38. if the ancient virus thaw up, it will be contagious because herd immunity has diminished

39. humans, plants, and marine creatures will fall victim if the ancient virus come back

40. scientists worry about supervirus