2013年4月20日托福机经回忆及解析

2013年4月20日托福考试尘埃落定，新航道“托福考试国家队”团队，时间为您回忆及解析本场考试托福真题机经，帮助托友们知己知彼。

Listening

Section 1

【主旨】女生搬宿舍家具

【内容】女生收到一个通知，去问宿舍管理员,宿舍管理员说她把宿舍的家具都搬出来了，学校是不支持的，如果非要搬出来说女生要填一个申请表，并且要移到一个储藏室，另要支付储存费用，毕业时要再搬回去，然后还说了女生的sister设计了一个窗帘，所以她连窗帘也换了。

【词汇】　basement n.地下室;地窖

Section 2

【主旨】艺术史

【内容】African American的quirt ，有几何图形或者标志图案。African American的quirt：quirt那个教授起先说到students在museum参观过，说那个quirt是improvise的，有某种材料，有的材料还是家里的裙子。

【词汇】(1)quilt n.被子;棉被 ;(2)pattern n.模式;图案;样品

Section 3

【主旨】生态

【内容】在不利条件下生存的adaptation。adaption 跟环境有关，讲那些adapt less successful的物种。然后举了一个叫blind cave fish的例子，是动物为什么不能survive和发展adaption。讲一个鱼不能在敌人多的地方生存，它没眼睛只能在黑暗中;又讲人类怎么影响人家survive的;wolf和mountain lion被杀掉，因为它们吃livestock。

【词汇】(1)adaptation n.适应 ;(2)evolution n.进化论

Section 4

【主旨】paper

【内容】小男孩去上课，没写paper，所以老师没讨论，好在一个女孩儿写的paper让大家讨论了一节课，男孩说去物理实验了什么的。男孩打印机坏了，没交essay，又赶着做实验，所以课后没有跟老师解释，现在来道歉，一直在修打印机，所以没空去用学校的打印机。

Section 5

【主旨】network

【内容】讲network中的note和edge，随机remove note和只remove重要的note的对照试验表明重要的note被拿掉了network很容易崩溃。

【词汇】virus n病毒;恶毒;

N0 ~6 _- C9 t0 }: c7 ~

Section 6

【主旨】心理学

【内容】helping别人的心理、出于为了回报或报恩还是无条件的两种类型的help：一种是你帮我我帮你，大家都受益;另外一种是altruism的help。例子主要围着帮tourist指路展开，有个学生说假如看到别人迷路我不帮我心里愧疚，教授说这其实是属于种而不是第二种。

【词汇】selfish adj.自私的;利己主义的

加试题:

经典加试

Speaking

Task 1

What suggestions would you give to a friend who is starting a new job. Give examples and details in your response?

参考例文：I'd like to give my friend who's starting a new job the following suggestions. First, get familiar with people at the new place. I believe that the best way of getting use to a new work environment or cooperate culture is talking to, and learning from the people who work there as often as possible. They can give new comers lots of tips on what to look out for, and how they can advance in the company. Second, try to be productive. There are so many things one can do to stay productive. Including getting in the office on time, meeting deadlines and consulting with boss and coworkers when difficulty presents.

Task 2

Do you agree or disagree with the statement that students should be allowed to carry their cell phones at all times. Give details and examples in your response.

参考例文：I strongly agree with the statement that students should be allowed to carry their cell phones all the time. First of all, people do everything nowadays on their cell phones. Take myself for example. All my class schedules are on my phone. Sometimes I take audio notes in a class that might be going to fast for me which help enormously. Also, when it comes to communication, cell phones are extremely important for us if not crucial. Especially in the case of an emergency. Students can call or send text messages to get help or stay in touch with their loved ones.

Task 3

【讲座主题】一个学生写信说学校应该给他们提供机会去别的地方实习而且学校应该掏这部分费用

【学生态度】女生不同意

【反对原因】(1)这个城市虽然小，但是也有很多公司可以实习，她的朋友就找到一家;(2)花销太贵了，学校的经费还要做其他很多用处，会不够。

Task 4

【讲座主题】

【内容讲解】学生们会缺少能力和信息去完成他们的任务，需要老师指点

【1个例子】教授带着两组小孩去图书馆，让他们找到自己想要的书，一个小姑娘想要找一本什么故事书，教授说我不能帮她找，但是问她这书是什么故事?小女孩说是某某故事，教授说这种故事会有特殊的分类，后来小女孩找到了这本书。

Task 5

【一个问题】男学生收到学校的信，告诉他可能不能在5月份毕业了，原因是一个必修的有机化学科目他没修。他听从他一个化学专业朋友的建议修了另外一个化学代替，但是不能算作必修。

【解决方案】(1)放弃另一个化学课，然后去努力补上3个星期的课去学有机化学，这是他最后一个学期了，但是男生喜欢他上的化学课不想放弃(2)找化学系找人帮忙解决，但是不知道多久可以得到回复。

Task 6

【讲座主题】某种生物的用途

【2种方式】(1)用来捕食。举了一个蛇的例子，他们藏在某个地方，假装是石头，然后动物路过就抓住他们;(2)用来防御捕食者，举了蜜蜂的例子，说如果有鸟想吃蜜蜂，蜜蜂就会用刺蛰他们，虽然被蛰一下，但是非常疼。而且他们需要在抓蜜蜂的时候远离蜂群。

Reading

2013.04.20托福阅读ML、NA拼盘

Passage 1

【主旨】太阳系的形成

【内容】原材料成分：大部分为helium和XX,小部分为常见的固态和气态分子 ;

形成过程：某爆发形成碰撞，导致了引力和rotation。关于rotation，用ice-skater打比方;

类地行星：成为主要为固态;

远日行星：重力能产生热能，导致温度上升。随着太阳形成，形成过程停止(大意)，温度下降，冰得以存在，所以密度小。而体积大导致引力强，可吸引更轻的气态分子。

Passage 2 (重复 NA20111112)

【主旨】中世纪商人行贿

【内容】这篇讲贸易的，說中世纪欧洲商人为了生存都结成团伙了，统一团伙内的产品质量，培养学徒。但是它的主要目的(这里有考题)还是抵制非团伙成员非竞争，因此也必须与政府有联系。非团伙成员也有优势的，产品价格低(这里有考题)，而且可以雇佣农工，很便宜!最后一段說，这种团伙内部的公平其实只是理论上的(这里有考题)，能力雄心，都会导致团伙成员中一部分有钱，一部分没钱，有钱的就扩张，没钱的就抗议要公平!(这里有考题) 。

Passage 3

【主旨】贸易的发展

【内容】Bartering 和states的关系 ，barter建立在复杂的社会和政治机构上(好像提及了一个19C70S的研究发现)。

假说一：有R提出，农业和交通等的发展，使得长距离的物物交换成为可能，品也参与到这样的交换中来，同时需要世俗君主的介入。 反驳：XXX在那个时候还没出现。;

假说二：由另一个R提出，以maya为例(不确定)。他们缺少某些重要资源，所以必须和周边环境交换，而且他们的communities都面对这种问题，所以必须和周边的其他地区进行交换。一旦这种交换成为常态，就需要政府的规范。 反驳：可能是其他原因导致了政府的行为 。

结论：商业或经济因素不可能是states形成的原因。很多因素影响着政治。甚至机经本身就是某种政治条件下的结果，而非原因。

词汇题：

暂无

Writing

Task 1(重复ML20110611)

综合写作

【主题】某种恐龙)的头部有个large crests，讨论有什么function

Reading：(1)enhance the sense of smell 举了一个现代动物的例子，说现在的动物有a good sense of smell,都会有many blood vessels，而这种龙的crest里正好有;(2)keep cool 讲了其他一种恐龙就是用crest 来 keep their bodies cool;(3)have a good sense of hearing。

Listening： (1)大脑里负责嗅觉的部分不发达容量不够;(2)crests太小不能降温;(3)只有一种L有敏锐听觉，证据不足所以应该remain skeptical

Task 2(重复NA20090919)

独立写作

Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? It is more important for the government to spend money on art museums and concert halls than on recreational facilities such as swimming pools and playgrounds?

参考例文：An appreciation of art is one of the things that make life worthwhile, as it reminds people of the beauty that is all around them. Therefore in many countries public art projects such as galleries, museums and concert halls are being actively funded by the government. Although such spending will indeed promote citizens’ cultural spirit as well as strengthen a country’s historic tradition, I do not think this should be the priority responsibility of a government. I would like to point out one particular area to which the government should be giving more financial support, and that is sports and recreational facilities.

To begin with, compared with art facilities, recreational facilities such as swimming pools and playgrounds are much more essential to people’s daily life. Not everyone has a talent or interest in art. To most people, art is something lofty and even elusive, which takes a great amount of cultural knowledge and fine taste to truly understand and appreciate. But doing sports or exercises is much easier and therefore much more popular among the general public. Anyone can easily find a particular type of exercise that fits his/her physical condition and age.

Secondly, art facilities are generally much more expensive to establish. A modern concert hall often requires elaborate decoration, comfortable seats, exquisite lighting and top-notch sound rendering system. With the same amount of investment, the government can perhaps build more than a dozen playgrounds with inexpensive but easy-to-use exercising equipment.

Furthermore, once a museum or a concert hall is established, it usually charges a high admission fee in order to sustain its daily operation and to fund ambitious projects or performances. But in the meantime they are turning away many ordinary but genuine art lovers who may not be able to afford an expensive visit. By comparison, public recreational facilities run by the government are meant to be used by the general public at a low cost, and therefore much more accessible to people with limited financial means.

Therefore, the government should try all means to make art available to all instead of being the possession of only the few. Before this can be ensured, I think the government should always place the funding and construction of recreational facilities before art facilities.

【结束语】

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