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托福TPO62写作题目原文

Integrated Writing (Reading passage)

Throughout the world's oceans, hard structures such as natural reefs provide ideal marine habitats Reefs provide hard surfaces to which plants, coral and sponges can attach: and thereby provide food and shelter for many types of fish. Recently, workers in the fishing industry have tried to increase the amount of suitable habitat for fish by constructing artificial reefs from old metal objects and industrial materials and placing them in coastal waters. Artificial reefs have several benefits.

Artificial reefs can also improve the economic competitiveness of small‐scale fishers This is possible because small‐scale fishers are able to create their own private artificial reefs in secret locations only they know. Currently, small‐scale fishers struggle to compete with larger corporations because fishing grounds are limited in number and most are known to everyone. Creating fishing areas known only to the fishers who make them will help independent fishers support themselves and their local communities.

Next, some asteroids are rich in valuable elements and precious metals that are relatively rare on Earth, such as gold and platinum. An asteroid colony would be extremely profitable and a good source of these raw materials. The colonists or businesses sponsoring them could more than pay for the cost of their support by mining minerals and sending them back to Earth.

Finally, artificial reefs are a good way to recycle materials no longer needed for other purposes. Artificial reefs can be made from old cars and other objects that are otherwise difficult to dispose of Once these materials have been cleaned to ensure that no harmful chemicals remain, they can be placed in the ocean to serve as reefs for marine life Artificial reefs thus provide a relatively inexpensive, environmentally friendly way to reuse materials.

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