2017.05.06亚太SAT真题回忆-写作原文

　　2017.05.06亚太SAT真题回忆-写作篇

　　这次的作文延续了之前几次考试的风格，在文章长度和文章难度方面都比较适中。对于大部分同学来说，挑战性不大。

　　这次的写作文章 How To Increase the Number of Women Winning Nobel Prizes 讨论的是社会类的话题，选自2013年的 TIME 。(文章出处）

　　https://ideas.time.com/2013/10/24/how-to-increase-the-number-of-women-winning-nobel-prizes/)

　　对原文进行了小幅度的删减。文章主要讨论了女性科学家们在科学研究方面遭遇的各种压力和困难，呼吁大学和政府应该对改善女性学者的科研环境做出更多的努力。文章的风格比较平实，结构非常清晰，在修辞手法方面涉猎不多，重点集中在对逻辑和论据的分析方面。

　　2017.05.06亚太SAT真题回忆-写作原文+翻译

　　1、The mother of tweens was folding laundry at 5 a.m. before going to an early spinning class when the phone rang. It was October 2009 and Carol Greider, a biologist at Johns Hopkins University, picked up and heard a voice from Stockholm. She had won that year’s Nobel Prize in medicine.

　　电话响起的时候是凌晨五点，已经是几个少年的母亲的卡罗尔·格雷德正在叠衣服，准备去参加早晨的动感单车课程。这是2009年的10月，卡罗尔·格雷德，约翰霍普金斯大学的一名生物学家，接到来自斯德哥尔摩的电话：她获得了当年的诺贝尔医学奖。

　　2、Unfortunately, Greider remains a rarity in the pantheon of Nobel scientists. And that’s partly because we haven’t done enough to help young female scientists balance the demands of academic research with the pull of family responsibility. That needs to change.

　　不幸的是，在诺贝尔科学家的殿堂中，格雷德(这样的女性诺贝尔奖获得者)仍然是罕见的案例。这在一定程度上是因为我们没有做出足够的努力去帮助年轻的女科学家平衡学术研究的需求和家庭责任的牵绊，而这一点需要改变。

　　3、Admittedly, today’s situation is better than it was when Greider entered grad school in the early 80s, never mind in the dark days of the preceding decades. Then, when women were scarcely to be found at undergraduate lab benches, the results in the rarefied reaches of Stockholm couldn’t help but be dismal. Since the awards were launched in 1901, two physics laureates have been women: Marie Curie in 1903 and Maria Goeppert Mayer in 1963. In chemistry, four of the 165 winners have been women. (Marie Curie was one of them, in 1911; she is the only woman to have won two Nobels.) Women have won 5 percent of the coveted awards in physiology or medicine. And it was 2009 before Elinor Ostrom, of Indiana University and Arizona State University, became the first-ever female laureate in economics.

　　不可否认，今天我们所面临的情况比格雷德在80年代初进入研究生院时有了改善，更不用说在那之前的几十年的黑暗岁月。在那些女性几乎不可能出现在大学的实验室中的岁月里，在诺贝尔奖所达到的罕见的学术层面上的结果不能不令人沮丧。自从这个奖项于1901年创办，一共有两位女性诺贝尔物理学奖得主：1903获奖的玛丽·居里和1963年获奖的玛丽亚·格佩特·梅耶。在化学奖项方面，165位获奖者中只有四位是女性。(其中之一是1911年获奖的玛丽·居里：她是一位两次获得诺贝尔奖的女性)。在令人梦寐以求的生理学或医学方面的奖项中，女性只占据了百分之五。直到2009年，来自印第安那大学和亚利桑那州立大学的埃莉诺·奥斯特罗姆成为位诺贝尔经济学的女性得主。

　　4、In fact, 2009 was something of a banner year for women — Greider shared her award with her mentor, Elizabeth Blackburn, of the University of California at San Francisco; and Israel’s Ada Yonath shared the prize in chemistry. Since then, men have continued to sweep the science awards.

　　事实上，2009年对于女性而言是标志性的一年——格雷德和她的导师，来自于加利福尼亚大学旧金山分校的伊丽莎白·布莱克本分享了她的奖项;同年，以色列的阿达·约纳特分享了诺贝尔化学奖。从那之后，男性科学家们继续横扫全部的诺贝尔奖。

　　5、To be a female Nobel winner has not only required brilliance, but also preternatural determination in the face of cultural, social and political obstacles. The Italian neurologist Rita Levi-Montalcini secretly conducted experiments in her bedroom in Mussolini’s Italy. Francoise Barre-Sinoussi, the Parisian who co-discovered the AIDS virus – and whose father thought a women’s place was in the home – was in the lab on her wedding day. Her fiancé had to call her to remind her to turn up at the ceremony. Barbara McClintock, the U.S. geneticist who won the prize in 1983, was nearly prevented from attending college by her mother. She was afraid higher education would make her daughter unmarriageable.

　　成为一名女性诺贝尔奖获得者不仅需要才华，而且要有非同寻常的决心去面对文化、社会和政治方面的阻力。在意大利的墨索里尼时期，神经学家丽塔·莱维·蒙塔尔奇尼偷偷地在卧室进行实验。作为艾滋病病毒的共同发现者之一的巴黎人弗朗索瓦丝·巴尔·西诺西——她的父亲认为女人就应该待在家里——连婚礼的日子都呆在实验室里。她的未婚夫不得不给她打电话提醒她出席婚礼。1983年获得诺贝尔奖的美国遗传学家芭芭拉·麦克林托克，差点被母亲阻止去上大学，因为她的母亲害怕高等教育会让女儿嫁不出去。

　　6、All of this was decades ago, before recent campaigns to encourage more young women to choose STEM (science, technology, engineering and math) careers; and, in the US, before the Civil Rights Act, affirmative action and Title IX. What’s the excuse in 2013?

　　所有这一切都是几十年前发生的事。近年来，人们发起很多运动鼓励更多的年轻女性选择从事科学，技术，工程和数学方面的职业，而在美国，颁布了民权法案、平权法案和教育法修正案第九条。2013年，我们还有任何借口吗?

　　7、What’s more, systemic issues are holding women back across the sciences, meaning that we may not see more female laureates by simply funneling more and more women through PhD programs. The hard truth is that women with brand new doctorates – so called post-doc’s — enter their prime childbearing years exactly as they encounter the make-or-break time when they must compete for tenure- track positions. The competition is brutal, the hours in the lab never-ending – and the attrition of women is far higher than that of men. A 2009 survey of post-doctoral scientists from all disciplines in the University of California system found that women who had children after they earned PhDs were twice as likely as male postdocs – or as women doctorates with no children and no plans to have them – to drop their goal of becoming a research professor.

　　此外，制度问题正在阻碍女性进入科学的领域，这意味着我们不可能简单的将越来越多的女性汇集在博士学习项目中从而获得更多的女性获奖者。事实上，获得全新的博士学位——所谓的博士后——的女性进入他们的生育年龄的时候，也正是她们事业上不成则败的关键时期——她们必须为了争取终身教职而竞争。竞争是残酷的，在实验室的时间永无休止——而这对于女性身心方面的消耗远远高于男性。2009年，针对加利福尼亚大学系统中所有学科的博士后科学家的一项调查显示，取得了博士学位的女性在生育了孩子之后，她们可能放弃成为一名研究教授的目标的比率是男性博士后和没有孩子，并且不打算生育孩子的女性的博士后的两倍。

　　8、What, specifically, should institutions do to offer such support? Universities can make meaningful policy changes, such as allowing women with young children to stop the tenure clock for a period of time — an option available at some but not all academic centers. They should ensure that young female scientists have dedicated, top-notch mentors. And they can guarantee paid maternity (l)and parental leave—something that’s woefully lacking for junior scientists at most U.S. institutions.

　　大学机构应该提供什么样的支持?大学可以在政策方面做出有意义的改变，例如允许有孩子的女性在一段时间内停止终身教职的时间表——这一选择在一些但并非所有的学术中心都可以提供。他们应该确保年轻的女科学家们有专门的、的导师。并且他们能够保证带薪产假和带薪育婴假——很不幸的，这正是美国大部分大学机构中的年轻科学家们所缺少的福利。

　　9、Federal agencies also have a role to play. Big funders, led by the National Institutes of Health (NIH) have already implemented policies like no-cost grant extensions that allow scientists with family obligations extra time to complete a project, and others that allow fellowship periods to be extended or deferred for childcare purposes. But agencies can, and should, do more. One task the government is especially suited to is longitudinal data collection on those family-friendly policies. Such data isn’t being collected systematically, and without it we can’t know what policy changes are working, and which ones aren’t.

　　联邦机构也应该在这件事情中发挥作用。由国立卫生研究院(NIH)引领的主要资助者已经实施了一些政策，比如无成本的增加拨款，允许担负家庭职责的科学家们有额外的时间完成一个项目，还有其他的政策，允许因为育儿的原因而延长或推迟奖学金的期限。但是，政府机构可以、而且应该做的更多。一项特别适合由政府来完成的任务就是收集有利于家庭生活的政策的纵向数据。这些数据现在并没有被系统的收集，而没有这些数据，我们就无法知道什么样的政策变化正在起作用，什么样的变化不起作用。

　　10、If we want top-drawer women to stay in science careers — and this country, beset by daunting, and growing, global science competition, could certainly use them – institutions of all stripes need to show a far more serious commitment to supporting them.

　　如果我们想让最的女性留在科学领域，并且这个被让人望而生畏的，不断发展的全球科学竞争所困扰的国家能够切实的利用这些人才，所有类型的大学机构都需要做出更为认真的承诺来支持他们。

　　11、To put it another way, if we want to see more women celebrating in Stockholm, we should strive to build a world in which the likes of Carol Greider are hardly ever to be found folding the laundry at 5 in the morning.

　　换言之，如果我们想看到更多的女性科学家在斯德哥尔摩庆祝获奖，我们应该努力建立这样一个世界，在这个世界里，我们不会发现像卡罗尔·格雷德这样的人才在凌晨五点钟起床叠衣服。

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