雅思大作文写作要求之：如何恰当的举例子

举例在雅思写作中很重要。在雅思作文考试题目的下方通常会有一行要求或提示：“Give reasons for your answer and include any relevant exapmles from your own knowledge or experience”。

在评分标准TR项中，6分的要求是“提出了多个相关的主要论点，但某些论点可能未能充分展开进行论证或不甚清晰”，7分的要求是“呈现、发展主要论点并就其进行论证，但有时出现过于一概而论的倾向及/或论点缺乏重点的倾向”，8分的要求是“就写作任务中的问题进行较为充分展开的回应，并提出相关的、得以延伸的以及含有论据的论点”，9分的要求是“就写作任务重的问题提出充分展开的观点，并提出相关的、得以延伸的以及论据充分的论点”。

举例是实现论证充分的有效途径。但很多G友会混淆ideas和examples，虽然写了For example，但后面的内容并不是真正的例子，而是泛泛而谈或重复观点，导致TR表现仍不理想，甚至影响CC。

本期，组长搬运雅思学习网站ieltsadvantage关于雅思写作举例的内容，帮助大家正确理解什么是例子、怎样举例。原文可页面左下方到达。

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例子可以让你的essay更容易读懂，同时更有效地论证观点。举具体的例子要比抽象的论述要简单的多。考生应认真学习如何恰当的举例。

一、例子与段落结构

雅思考察的是交流能力，就写作而言，就是考察考生用英语写出易懂段落的能力。要让一个段落易懂，只论述一个idea。很多雅思考生误以为idea数量越多，TR分数越高。实际上恰恰相反，只有用解释和例子充分拓展idea才会得高分，idea数量多并不会加分。以下面的题目和段落为例：

题目：Today people are traveling more than before. Why is this the case?

段落1：I think more people are traveling because people are earning more money these days and they can afford to travel. Additionally, flights are much cheaper than they were in the past. Moreover, people have very stressful lives these days and need to go on holiday. Furthermore, children expect to be taken on holiday when they are off school during the summer. Finally, it is good for the family to spend time with one another.

说明：上述段落列出了多个观点，向考官展示了自己对这个话题的了解程度。但是，雅思考的不是知识面，而是写作能力。这个段落只是在列清单，没有充分地拓展观点、形成一个逻辑连贯的段落。

段落2：In the past, air tickets were only for the rich and famous because most salaries could not cover the price of a flight to a foreign country. This meant that the majority simply stayed at home or took their holidays domestically; however, this has all changed with the creation of budget airlines. Low-cost carriers, such as Ryanair in Europe or Tiger Air in Asia, have meant that anyone can save up and travel to a new country, with prices starting as low as $1.

说明：段落2只提出了一个观点“航空旅行便宜”。作者在句提出了观点，然后进行了解释，扣住题目，并使用例子来支撑。这是符合考官期待的段落，其结构可以概括为：中心句(提出观点)+解释(解释观点，为什么你这么认为，与题目的关系)+举例。

二、怎样举例

很多考生觉得举例很难，如果没有真实的例子，其实编一个就行。考官不会核实例子的真实性，他们只在乎你是否会举例。

编例子有四种方法：高校研究，政府民调，新闻报道，个人经验，例如：

三、避免泛化

雅思考生在举例时最容易出现的错误就是泛化(too general)，例子要具体才能有力的支撑论证。下面结合题目和论点来说明怎样的例子算具体：

题目：为什么女性应获得同等收入。

论点：在大学里，女性分数比男生高。

举例1：For example, women achieve more than men at university.

说明：这是个笼统的陈述，并没有在支撑论点，而只是在重复论点。

举例2：For instance, most women on my university course did better than men.

说明：这个比上一个好一些，提到“我的大学”让例子更具体，但还是缺乏细节，读起来感觉含糊。

举例3：For example, at Queen’s University in 2009 32% of female law graduates achieved First Class Honours , while only 8% of males achieved the same.

说明：这是个非常具体的例子，包含了时间、地点、数字。当与人讨论问题时，显然这样的例子更有说服力，更能让对方理解和接受你的观点。

让例子具体化的办法就是：增加日期、地点、公司名称、大学名称、人名、统计数据等信息。

四、例子的语言

一篇大作文里提到2-3个例子即可，可以用以下短语来引出例子：

1.For example, thousands of Palestinians and Israelis have joined the same online groups that show support for peace and solidarity, something that would have been impossible 25 years ago.

2.For instance, Cambridge University found in a recent study that 62% of men and women who paid for an annual gym membership failed to go entirely after just one month.

3.This is illustrated by the fact that in the United States you must complete four years of higher education before you can study law.

4.Many sports brands, such as Adidas and Nike, pay professional athletes million of dollars to endorse their products.

5.There are now a few low cost airlines in the UK, namely Ryanair and Easyjet, that offer very affordable flights.