157个AP宏观经济5分必考词汇

Basic economic concepts (8–12%)

Scarcity：稀缺性

Choice：选择

opportunity costs：机会成本

Production possibilities curve：生产可能性曲线

Production possibilities frontier：生产可能性边界(与生产可能性曲线相同)

Comparative advantage：相对比较优势

absolute advantage：比较优势

specialization：分工

exchange：交换

Demand：需求

Supply：供给

market equilibrium：市场均衡

business cycle：经济周期

unemployment：失业

inflation：通货膨胀

growth：增长

II. Measurement of Economic Performance (12–16%)

National income accounts：国民收入账户

Circular flow：经济循环

Gross domestic product：国内生产总值(GDP)

Real gross domestic product：实际GDP

Nominal gross domestic product：名义GDP

Price indices 价格指数

Nominal：名义的

real：实际的

Natural rate of unemployment：自然失业率

III. National Income and Price Determination (10–15%) 国民收入与价格决定

Aggregate demand：总需求

Multiplier：乘数效应

crowding-out effects：挤出效应

Aggregate supply：总供给

Short-run：短期

long-run：长期

Sticky：黏性

Flexible：自由伸缩性

Stagflation：滞胀

Actual output：实际产出

full-employment：充分就业产出

Economic fluctuations：经济波动

IV. Financial Sector (15–20%)

Money：货币

stock：股票

bond：债券

Bank：银行

financial markets：金融市场

Time value of money：货币的时间价值

money supply：货币供给

Money demand：货币需求

creation of money：货币的创造

Money market：货币市场

Loanable funds market 可贷资金市场

Policy：政策工具

Quantity theory of money：货币数量论

Real interest rate：实际利率

nominal rate：名义利率

V. Inflation, Unemployment, and Stabilization Policies (20–30%) 通货膨胀、失业与稳定政策

Fiscal policy：财政政策

Monetary policy：货币政策

Government deficits：财政赤字

Government debt：政府债务

Demand-pull inflation：需求拉动型通货膨胀

Cost-push inflation：成本推动型通货膨胀

The Phillips curve：菲利普斯曲线

Expectations：期望(预期)

VI. Economic Growth and Productivity (5–10%) 经济增长与生产率

human capital：人力资本投资

Investment in human capital：人力资本投资

Investment in physical capital：物质资本投资

Research and development：研发

technological progress：技术进步

VII. Open Economy: International Trade and Finance (10–15%) 开放经济，国际贸易与国际金融(资本)

Balance of payments accounts：收支账户平衡

Balance of trade：贸易平衡

Current account：经常账户

Capital account：资本账户

Foreign exchange market：外汇市场

Exchange rate：汇率

Currency appreciation：货币升值

Currency depreciation：货币贬值

Net export：净出口

capital flows：资本流动

Profit：利润

Accounting profit：会计利润

Economic profit：经济利润

Hyperinflation：恶性通货膨胀

Depreciation：折旧

Depreciation rate：折旧率

Automatic stabilizers：自动稳定器

Propensity to consume：消费倾向

Average propensity to consume：平均消费倾向

Marginal propensity to consume：边际消费倾向

Budget：预算

Budget constraints：预算制约

Budget surpluses：预算盈余

Budget deficits：预算赤字

Balance sheet：资产负债表

Base-year prices：基年价格

100-percent-reserve：百分之百准备金

Closed economies：封闭经济

Open economies：开放经济

GDP deflator：GDP平减指数

CPI：消费者价格指数

Shock：冲击

Discounting：折现

Discounting rate：折现率

Present value：现值

Discouraged workers：丧失信心的工人

Disposable income：可支配收入

Disposable personal income：个人可支配收入

Economic fluctuation：经济波动

Keynesian cross：凯恩斯交叉图

Expenditures：支出

Actual expenditures：实际支出

Planned expenditure：计划支出

Excess reserves：超额准备金

Fixed exchange rates：固定汇率

Floating exchange rates：浮动汇率

Factor prices：要素价格

Factors of production：生产要素

Federal reserve：美国联邦储备委员会

Fiat money：法定货币

Fisher equation：费雪方程式

Fisher effect：费雪效应

Structural unemployment：结构性失业

Seasonally unemployment：季节性失业

Cyclically unemployment：周期性失业

Frictional unemployment：摩擦性失业

Full-employment：充分就业

Inflation tax：通货膨胀税

Inventories：存货

Inventory investment：存货投资

Labor：劳动

Labor productivity：劳动生产率

Marginal product：边际产量

Market clearing：市场出清

Shoe-leather cost：鞋底成本

Menu cost：菜单成本

Monetary base：基础货币

Contractionary：紧缩性

Net capital outflow：资本净流出

Net foreign investment：国外净投资

Production function：生产函数

Purchases：购买

Recession：衰退

Reserve requirement：法定准备率

Stabilization：稳定

Stabilization policy：稳定政策

Stocks：股票;存量

Surplus：盈余

Shortage：短缺

Underground economy：地下经济

Great Depression：大萧条

Value added：增加值

Velocity of money：货币流通速度

Wage rigidity：工资刚性

 

AP经济学考试中的十三大要点

1 、Fundamentals of Economic Analysis

Scarce Resources

Production Possibilities

Functions of Economic Systems

2、 Demand, Supply, Market Equilibrium, and Welfare Analysis

Demand

Supply

Market Equilibrium

Welfare Analysis

3、Elasticity, Microeconomic Policy, and Consumer Theory

Elasticity

Microeconomic Policy and Applications of Elasticity

Consumer Choice

4、The Firm, Profit, and the Costs of Production

Firms, Opportunity Costs, and Profits

Production and Cost

5、Market Structures, Perfect Competition, Monopoly, and Things Between

Perfect Competition

Monopoly

Monopolistic Competition

Oligopoly

6、Factor Markets

Factor Demand

Least-Cost Hiring of Multiple Inputs

Factor Supply and Market Equilibrium

Imperfect Competition in Product and Factor Markets

7、Public Goods, Externalities, and the Role of Government

Public Goods and Spillover Benefits

Pollution and Spillover Costs

Income Distribution and Tax Structures

8、 Macroeconomic Measures of Performance

The Circular Flow Model

Accounting for Output and Income

Inflation and the Consumer Price Index

Unemployment

9、 Consumption, Saving, Investment, and the Multiplier

Consumption and Saving

Investment

The Multiplier Effect

10、Aggregate Demand and Aggregate Supply

Aggregate Demand

Aggregate Supply

Macroeconomic Equilibrium

The Trade-off Between Inflation and Unemployment

11、Fiscal Policy, Economic Growth, and Productivity

Expansionary and Contractionary Fiscal Policy

Difficulties of Fiscal Policy

Economic Growth and Productivity

12、Money, Banking, and Monetary Policy

Money and Financial Assets

Fractional Reserve Banking and Money Creation

Monetary Policy

13、 International Trade

Comparative Advantage and Gains from Trade

Balance of Payments

Foreign Exchange Rates

Trade Barriers

 

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