1 表让步

(1) Although=though=even if=even though + 句子。注意：不能与but连用

(2) No matter what/who/ how...= 疑问句+ever。注意：疑问句+ever可引导名词性从句

(3) ... as long as ...

(4) 动词/名词/表语 + as(though) 倒装,....,表”纵使”

(5) Whether...or... 正反两方面,.... 表”不论......与否”

(6)Be原型+主语+表语(n,adj) = whether +主语+be动词+表语(n,adj)。不论..。(虚拟语气表让步)。

2 表转折

(1) However, whereas, conversely, otherwise 否则, instead 表示上述方式的完全转折

(2) Instead of sth, as opposed to

(3) While 引导从句表明前后情况不同，做对比/ Rather than 并不是、而不

3 表结果

(1) Consequently

(2) 原因 + result in + 结果

(3) Thus, hence, so, therefore

(4) As such, as a result 因此,结果, as a consequence,...

4表原因

(1) Since/as/because/for+句子

(2) As a result of sth, because of, owing to sth 介词

(3) Be due to, Owe to sth 动词, account for = result in表示导致, attribute...to... 把...归因于...

(4) For this reason, ... , for one reason or another 由于某种原因(不具体表明), for one thing 在众多原因中指出其中一个, on this/that account 由于这个、那个原因

(5) The reason why + 结果/that + 原因

5表目的

(1) So/ So that/ In order that

(2) To do sth/ In order to do sth

(3) For the sake of sth 为了...的目的

6 表对比

(1) While 可以对比相反的东西

(2) On the other hand, by contrast

(3) Compared with

7 表类比

(1) Just as/like, similarly

(2) As...as, the same as

8 表递进

Further, furthermore, besides, moreover, in addition, what’s more, apart from B... 可指除了B(包括B) 或 除了B(不包括B), additionally

9 表举例

(1) Such as, like, including

(2) For example, for instances

(3) ... is a case in point, Here is a case where, take ... as an example

10 表假设

If, Only if 唯有.., On condition that 以...为前提，只有, Should 用于状语从句，表示”万一”

11 表解释，转述

In other words

12 表并列

(1) And

(2) A as well as B 强调as前的n/adj，不仅B而且A

(3) not only A, but also B 强调B，不仅A而且B

(4) and... A ... as well 强调A