我们可以参考一些无意义的词，这些词在雅思阅读中很常见，其实就是那些连接词和议论文经常套用的小短语，它们不会影响整篇文章的总体意思，却可以提高文章的连贯性。如果我们学会使用这些小短语，作文字数凑不够的问题也就解决了。

1.To signal sequence or addition

Accordingly, actually, additionally, afterwards, again, also, and, another, as was previously stated, as well as, at the same time, besides this, consistent with this, correspondingly, equally important, finally, further, furthermore, in addition, in a like manner, in the first place, in the same way, including, initially, last, likewise, more importantly, moreover, next, originally, overall, primarily, similarly, to begin with, too, what is more.

2. To signal time

After, afterward, as long as, at first, at last, at length, at the same time, before, concurrently, currently, during, finally, following, immediately, in the future, in the meantime, last but not least, later, meanwhile, next, once, presently, rarely, simultaneously, sometimes, subsequently, then, this time, until, until then, whenever, while.

3. To show results

Accordingly, as a result, consequently, for this reason, hence, in other words, in that case, it follows that, it is evident that, otherwise, owing to, resulting from this, so it can be seen that, that being the case, therefore this implies, this suggests that, thus, under these circumstances.

4. To introduce evidence/support/reasons

Contradictory to this, contrarily, in support of this, it follows, this is clear because, the evidence for···is, the reasons for···are, this is supported by, to affirm this, to attest to this, to corroborate, to explain, to further confirm, to further verify, to list, to substantiate this, in substantiation.

5. To signal repetition, summary, or conclusion

Accordingly, all in all, all together, as a final point, as a result, as I have noted, as indicated earlier, as mentioned, as previously stated, as we have seen, briefly, by and large, consequently, finally, given these facts, hence, in brief, in conclusion, in other words, in short, in summary, to sum up, in summation, on the whole, overall, since, so, summing up, then, therefore, thus, thus we can see that, to conclude, to recapitulate, to repeat, to review.

6. To introduce causes or effects

Accordingly, as a result, because, consequently, due to, for as much as, for that reason, hence, in as much as, in that, in view of, on account of, owing, since, then, therefore, thus, to narrow the focus, after all, from this perspective, from this point of view, given this context, in fact, in order to, in other words, in particular, in this case, in this context, indeed, particularly, put another way, specifically, that is, this is particularly true when, under certain, circumstances, up to a point, with this in mind.

7. To contrast

After all, although, alternately, and yet, at the same time, be that as it may, contrastingly, conversely, despite, dissimilarly, even though, for all that, however, in contrast, in contrast to this, in opposition to this, in reality, in spite of this, inconsistent with this is that, instead, meanwhile, nevertheless, nonetheless, notwithstanding, on the contrary, on the one hand, on the other hand, otherwise, paradoxically, rather than, regardless of, still, though, whereas, when in fact, yet.

8. To compare

Also, analogous to, another similar issue is, at the same time, by the same token, equally, in comparison, in like manner, in similar fashion, in the same way, likewise, similarly.

9. To clarify

In other words, that is, that is to say, this means that, to clarify, to elaborate, to explain, to paraphrase, to put it another way.

10. To show purpose

In order to, in the hope that, for the purpose, with this end, to the end that, with this objective

11. To dismiss

All the same, at any rate, either way, in any event, in either case, whatever happens.

12. To signal concession

Admittedly, albeit, although it is true that certainly, even so, granted, it may appear that, knowing this, naturally, of course, this is only the case when, while this is true, while it may seem that.

13. To signify a condition

Granting that, in the event of, on the condition that, providing that, so long as

14.To prove examples

As an illustration, by way of example, for example, for instance, in particular, in support of this, notably, to demonstrate, to elaborate, to exemplify, to highlight, to illustrate, specifically, that is.

15. To reference

Concerning this, considering this, with respect to, with regards to

16.To emphasize

Above all, as a matter of fact, certainly, chiefly, especially, importantly, in any case, in particular, indeed, it must be emphasized, that, mainly, mostly, notably, obviously, of course, particularly, primarily, specifically, truly, undoubtedly.

当然这里还要提醒雅思考生们需要注意的是，必须理解这些词的用法而不能机械的带入到雅思写作的句子中，否则反而会显得非常突兀，影响全文整体的感觉。希望同学们在练习雅思写作的过程中，尝试着使用这些词，会感觉受益匪浅。

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