托福阅读常考话题及练习题推荐二：动物行为变化（3）

1托福阅读常考话题：动物行为变化练习题

Paragraph 5: Less colorful birds and animals that inhabit the rain forest tend to rely on forms of signaling other than the visual, particularly over long distances. The piercing cries of the rhinoceros hornbill characterize the Southeast Asian rain forest, as do the unmistakable calls of the gibbons. In densely wooded environments, sound is the best means of communication over distance because in comparison with light, it travels with little impediment from trees and other vegetation. In forests, visual signals can be seen only at short distances, where they are not obstructed by trees. The male riflebird exploits both of these modes of signaling simultaneously in his courtship display. The sounds made as each wing is opened carry extremely well over distance and advertise his presence widely. The ritualized visual display communicates in close quarters when a female has approached.

10. What can be inferred from paragraph 5 about the less colorful birds and animals that inhabit the forest?

A. These species are less able to see color. and therefore they communicate with one another using nonvisual signals.

B. These species generally live in less densely wooded environments than more colorful birds and animals do.

C. The cries of these species do not carry as well over distances as the cries of more colorful birds and animals.

D. These species depend more on nonvisual signals for communication because they are less visible in their environment.

11. The word impediment in the passage is closest in meaning to

A. obstruction

B. effort

C. delay

D. resistance

12. The word exploits in the passage is closest in meaning to

A. repeats

B. makes use of

C. increases the intensity of

D. recognizes

Less colorful birds and animals that inhabit the rain forest tend to rely on forms of signaling other than the visual, particularly over long distances. ■ The piercing cries of the rhinoceros hornbill characterize the Southeast Asian rain forest, as do the unmistakable calls of the gibbons. ■ In densely wooded environments, sound is the best means of communication over distance because in comparison with light, it travels with little impediment from trees and other vegetation. ■ In forests, visual signals can be seen only at short distances, where they are not obstructed by trees. ■ The male riflebird exploits both of these modes of signaling simultaneously in his courtship display. The sounds made as each wing is opened carry extremely well over distance and advertise his presence widely. The ritualized visual display communicates in close quarters when a female has approached.

13. Look at the four squares [■] that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage.

There is also the long, rather terrifying call of the male orangutan, which carries over considerable distances to advertise his presence.

Where would the sentence best fit?

14. Directions: An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided below. Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that express the most important ideas in the passage. Some sentences do not belong in the summary because they express ideas that are not presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the passage. This question is worth 2 points.

In the rain forest, an animal must be able to send signals to members of its own species and at the same time avoid being detected by predators.

Answer Choices

A. Animals that have different predators at different times of day change color to avoid being detected.

B. To escape notice, an animal may move or change color so that its color pattern is not visible.

C. To be noticed, an animal may draw attention to the contrast F between its colors and the colors of its environment.

D. Yellow and green are the most common colors found in the r rain forest.

E. Animals must have signals for aggression as well as to indicate readiness to mate.

An animal may use sound rather than color to attract attention, because sound signals are not hindered by light conditions.