新托福考试试题推荐：语法试题及答案详解

1. Most doctors of the Colonial period believed _______ was caused by an imbalance of humors in the body.

A. in disease

B. that disease

C. of disease

D. about disease

答案：B

分析：动词believe 的用法：直接加that引导的宾语从句。这里that为连接adv.，在句中不作任何成分，其后接完整句。

参考译文：大多数殖民时期的医生认为疾病来源人体内不平衡的体液。

2. In 1976 Sarah Caldwell became _________ at the Metropolitan Opera House in New York City.

A. she was the first woman to conduct

B. the first woman conductor

C. the woman was first conducting

D. the woman conducts first

答案：B

分析：缺宾语，答案中只有B，D可以作宾语，但D的语序不对。

参考译文：1976，Sarah Caldwell成为在个在纽约Metropolitan Opera House演出的演奏家。

补充： 常考 the first/second/… one to do sth

3. On January 7， 1955， Marian Anderson became _________ to sing a major role at New York City's Metropolitan Opera House.

A. the first African American

B. the first African American was

C. she was the first African American

D. when the first African American

答案：A

分析：缺宾语，C， D都不能作宾语。一句话中只能有一个谓语，而B中有was，句中出现两个谓语，一定错。

参考译文：1955年1月7号，Marian Anderson成为在个在纽约Metropolitan Opera House担任主唱的美籍黑人。

4. Perhaps the most significant postwar trend was the decentralization of cities throughout the United States， _________ when massive highway-building programs permitted greater suburban growth.

A. and accelerated a phenomenon

B. a phenomenon that accelerated

C. accelerating a phenomenon which，

D. the acceleration of which phenomenon

答案：B

分析：考的是同位语结构，a phenomenon是 the decentralization of cities throughout the United States 的同位语。A中and为conj.，后面应该连接一个完整的句子，但缺主语，错;C中语序混乱，错; D中of which作为介词宾语，后面应该接一个完整句，但只有一个phenomenon主语，句子不完整，错。

参考译文：可能战后最重大的趋势就是美国城市的分散化，当大规模高速公路建设项目容许了更大程度的发展郊区，这个现象更被促进了。

补充： accelerate/ accomplish/ achieve/ evolve都可以是vi.不接宾语

5. Ronald Reagan had served two terms as governor of California before _________ President.

A. he became

B. when becoming

C. became

D. did he become

答案：A

分析：before为状语从句引导词conj，后面一般引导一个完整的句子。B同时出现两个状语从句引导词，错;C缺主语;D应该为正常语序，选项中使用了倒装句式，错。

参考译文：里根在成为美国总统之前连续两届担任加州的州长。

6. _________， domesticated grapes grow in clusters， range in color from pale green to black， and contain sugar in varying quantities.

A. Their botanical classification as berries

B. Although their botanical classification as berries

C. Because berries being their botanical classification

D. Classified botanically as berries

答案：D

分析：句子的主语是grapes ， 后面是平行结构grow…， range…， and contain…。空格后的句子已完整，那么空格处就应该是同位语，状语从句，分词等修饰成分。A中Their指代不明，而且classification和berries也不相符，错;B中Although为conj.，后面应该是完整句，错;C中Because为conj.，后面应该是完整句，错。

参考译文：培植的葡萄的植物分类跟浆果是一样的，它们成串的长在树上，颜色从灰白色到黑色，并且包含由不同数量的糖份。

7. The cymbal is ________ in the military band and is also frequently used in modern orchestral music.

A. a basic instrument

B. basic instrument

C. how basic an instrument it is

D. as an instrument is basic

答案：A

分析：instrument可数，前面应该有限定词a.and前为一简单句。

参考译文：铙钹在军乐队里是一个基本的乐器，而且还经常在现代管弦乐里使用。

8. In instrumentalist philosophy， ideas and knowledge are exclusively functional processes： they are of significance only _________ instrumental in the development of experience.

A. as they are

B. are they

C. there are

D. are

答案：A

分析：两个谓语需要有一个conj.来连接。一个句子中出现2个谓语且没有连接词就一定错。

参考译文：在乐器演奏家的哲学里面，思想和知识是专有排外性的功能性的过程。他们的重要意义仅限于在经验发展的过程中，用于乐器演奏。

9. _________ either by cooling or by depriving the fire of oxygen， and most do both.

A. Working fire extinguishers

B. Fire extinguishers that work

C. Fire extinguishers work

D. The work of fire extinguishers

答案：C

分析：空格中缺主谓。A中没有谓语;B中that多余，因为句中只有一个谓语;D也没有谓语。

参考译文：灭火器的通过冷却或者减少火中的氧气的方法工作的，大多数时候两个方法都会用到。

10. The introduction of mass-production methods enabled many people _________ and gave them an unprecedented amount of mobility.

A. to purchase their own automobiles

B. their own to purchase automobiles

C. to their own purchase automobiles

D. own their automobiles to purchase

答案：A

分析：为固定结构enable sb to do sth.

参考译文：规模生产方法的产生，使得人们能够买自己的车，并获得了空前的灵活性。

11. Frances Perkins， _________ of the United States cabinet， served in the cabinet as secretary of labor from 1933 to 1945.

A. the first female member

B. was the first female member

C. the first female member who

D. of whom the first female member

答案：A

分析：主语同位语结构。B中多了一个谓语was，因为后面已经有一个谓语动词served， 一个句子中出现2个谓语且没有连接词就一定错; C中who多余，用法也不正确;D中of whom多余，不是定语从句，考的是同位语结构。

参考译文：Frances Perkins，是美国内阁的为女性成员，她从1933到1945年在内阁担任劳工部秘书。

12. When _________ to dough and heated， carbon dioxide is released， causing the dough to rise.

A. is added baking powder

B. added baking powder is

C. is baking powder added

D. baking powder is added

答案：D

分析：When为状语从句引导词;语序应该为正常语序，A，C错;B语序混乱，明显应该用被动形式，而且有固定结构add to.

参考译文：当把烘烤用粉加到面团里加热的时候，会释放出二氧化碳，使得面团涨开。

13. _________ the percentage of individuals with similar traits in succeeding generations， geneticists use the theory of probability.

A. The calculation of

B. To calculate

C. Is calculating

D. Calculated

答案：B

分析：to calculate，这里用不定式表示“目的”，前半句的逻辑主语是geneticists，只有B符合要求;A中只有主语，句子不完整。

参考译文：遗传学家运用概率的理论来计算在后代中拥有相似特点个体占有的百分比。

补充： 如同A的形式， 逗号前面就是一个名词短语， 然而正确的句子里， 名词短语要么作为主语的同位语， 要么本身是主语， 如11题。 否则就是脱离句子成分， 成为错误。

14. Big-band uaaz relies on fixed arrangements， where_______than one instrument playing some of the parts， rather than on improvisation.

A. is more

B. whenever more

C. there is more

D. more

答案：C

分析：where引导状语从句，后面缺主谓。

参考译文：大型乐队爵士依赖于固定的安排，其中演奏相同部分音乐的乐器超过一个，而不是现声发挥。

15. Because of _________ diversity， seven separate groupings or divisions of algae have been established by botanists.

A. them

B. so that

C. those

D. their

答案：D

分析：those是泛指，这里应该用their来特指seven separate groupings or divisions of algae.

参考译文：因为海藻们的不同特性，植物学家把他们分成7个不同的组别或分支。

16. Chromosomes are regarded today as the major carriers of genetic material， _________ of DNA and various types of protein.

A. consisting

B. as to consist

C. consist

D. which consisting

答案：A

分析：分词作状语。如果用consist的话，应该用个conj.后面加个完整的句子。

参考译文：染色体现今被认为是主要的遗传物质携带者，这些遗传物质由DNA和各种各样的蛋白质组成。

17. The leopard seal is the only pinniped _________ preys on penguins and other seals.

A. that normally

B. of which it normally

C. normally

D. that it normally

答案：A

分析：句中出现is和preys两个谓语动词，一定是个复合句;用that引导定语从句，pinniped为先行词，that后为不完整句。

参考译文：美洲虎海豹是仅有的捕食企鹅和其他海豹的鳍足类动物。

18. _________ “nova” means new， novas are actually stars that have existed for a long time and suddenly flare into brilliance.

A. That

B. Why

C. Although

D. It is

答案：C

分析：空格后有2个完整句，空格处需要一个conj.

参考译文：尽管nova意味着新的，但其实新星们是存在了很久而突然闪耀出光辉的恒星。

19. Because Mars is farther from the Sun than _________， Mars takes longer to complete a revolution.

A. Earth is

B. is from Earth

C. what is Earth

D. is it Earth

答案：A

分析：比较结构的对称性：Mars is farther …… than Earth is，is后省略了from the Sun

参考译文：因为火星比地球离太阳要远，火星绕太阳转一圈的时间要比地球长。

20. A social system is _________ of social relations that draws the behavior of its members toward the core values of the group.

A. a complex network

B. how a complex network

C. a complex network and

D. a network that is complex

答案：A

分析：缺宾语。B中的从句只有主语，句子不完整，错;C中and作为连词，后面缺谓语，错;D错，因为of前应该为名词。

参考译文：社会系统就是一个社会关系的复杂网络，这个网络里把成员的行为方式向核心价值观靠拢。

托福考试冲刺：语法试题及答案详解(3)

21. While play is important at all levels of human development， _________ takes on particular significance when children are five and six years old.

A. it

B. and

C. which

D. because it

答案：A

分析：缺主语。it 在这里作为形式主语。

参考译文：比赛对各个层次人的发展都是重要的，尤其是当小孩5、6岁大的时候，意义重大。

22. During the second and third years of life， children gain _________ over their bodies.

A. control increasing

B. increasing to control

C. control is increasing

D. increasing control

答案：D

分析：缺宾语，而且应该是 adj.修饰名词，只能选D.

参考译文：在生长的第二第三年，小孩们对自己的身体控制能力增强了。

23. All brass instruments use a mouthpiece _________ into a long cone-shaped tube.

A. is inserted

B. that inserted

C. that is inserted

D. and inserted

答案：C

分析：that引导一个定语从句，mouthpiece为先行词。A 出现两个谓语动词，错;B，D应该用被动;

参考译文：所有的铜管乐器都用一个放在长锥筒形管里的吹嘴。

24. By the mid-twentieth century， United States presidential staffs， _________ had numbered fewer than ten a century earlier， numbered in the hundreds.

A. as

B. that they

C. which

D. and

答案：C

分析：非限制性定语从句，只有which能引导非限制性定语从句

参考译文：到20时间中期，美国的总统部官员达到了几百个，而在一个世纪前，还屈指可数呢。

25. In 1966 only 60 percent of all five year olds in the United States attended kindergarten， _________ in 1985 almost 82 percent did so.

A. with

B. which

C. whether

D. while

答案：D

分析：整个句子中出现了两个谓语，缺连接词。

参考译文：在1966年，所有5岁的小孩中只有60%的参加了幼儿园，而到1985，几乎有82%的小孩上幼儿园了。

26. _________ industries， inventions， and communal endeavors of the Shakers， the best known is their fine furniture.

A. Of the many

B. Their many

C. Are the many

D. Many of the

答案：A

分析：倒装结构。当prep短语位于句首，且谓语动词为系动词时，则引起倒装。

参考译文：在基督震荡教徒所参与很多工业、发明创造和社区建设中，最闻名的是他们做的优质家具了。

27. Most fishes and many reptiles have ribs along most of the spine， but in mammals _________ only in the chest area.

A. they are found

B. finding them

C. in which they are found

D. are found

答案：A

分析：缺主语和谓语。该句不是定语从句。

参考译文：大多数鱼类和很多爬行动物沿着大部分脊柱都长有肋骨，但哺乳动物的肋骨只长在胸部位置。

28. Although the habitat of the American beech tree is now confined to the eastern United States and southeastern Canada， _________ extended as far west as California.

A. where it once

B. once

C. it once

D. and once

答案：C

分析：缺主语。A，D中的where， and 多余。

参考译文：尽管美国山毛榉树的生长地现在只限制在美东和加拿大东南部的狭窄地带，它曾经都延伸向西生长远到加州的地方。

29. Most of North America receives _________ some form of continuous plant cover except in the arid and semiarid Southwest.

A. moisture to sustain sufficient

B. sufficient moisture to sustain

C. to sustain sufficient moisture

D. sufficient to sustain moisture

答案：B

分析：缺宾语。其中形容词修饰名词，不定式表“目的”。A，C，D语序混乱。

参考译文：除了干旱和半干旱的西南地区，大部分北美地区通过吸收充足的潮湿而保持一些连续植被的形式。

1. The American clipper ship era was of duration short， extending from about 1845 to 1859.

答案：B

分析及考点：词序的颠倒，应该改成short duration.只有特殊情况修饰成分后置。

参考译文：美国的剪帆船的时期经历时间很短，只有从1845到1859.

2. Crystals of pure quartz， usually called rock crystal， are coarseness， colorless， and transparent.

答案：D

分析及考点：平行对称结构，词性不对称，所以coarseness名词应改成coarse

参考译文：纯净石英的结晶，通常称为岩石水晶，是粗糙的，无色的，透明的。

3. Of 120 minerals known to have been used as gemstones， only about 25 are in common use in today jewelry.

答案：D

分析及考点：词序的问题。应该改成jewelry today.

参考译文：在作为宝石使用的所知道的120种矿石中，只有25种是现在珠宝业通常使用的。

4. One of the thirteen original state of the United States， North Carolina lies on the Atlantic coast midway between New York and Florida.

答案：A

分析及考点：名词单复数使用错误。应该用复数states.看到one of the.

参考译文：北卡罗来那州是最初组成美国的13个州中的一个座落在大西洋岸边，在纽约州和佛罗里达州的中间。

5. The various peoples who developed North America have made it a world leader economic .

答案：D

分析及考点：词序的颠倒。改成economic leader

参考译文：发展北美的多个民族把北美建设成了全世界的经济。

6. The Milky Way is a flat spiral galaxy who contains an estimated 100 billion stars， including the Sun.

答案：B

分析及考点：定语从句连接词的误用，应改为which

参考译文：银河系是一个扁平的螺旋星系，它包含有估计100亿颗恒星，包括太阳。

7. The piano as it is known today represents a long series of experiments extend back to the year 1711， or perhaps even earlier.

答案：C

分析及考点：词性误用。应该改成extending.

参考译文：今天所知的钢琴代表了一系列的实践，一直可以追溯到1711，或者更早。

8. Climate is the primarily force that distinguishes one biome， or major terrestrial region， from another.

答案：B

分析及考点：词性误用，修饰名词用形容词，所以改成primary

参考译文：气候是一个主要的因素来区分生物群或者主要陆地相互之间的不同。

9. Prehistoric villagers tended to work harder， suffer from more diseases， and eat the poorer diet than nomadic hunters did.

答案：D

分析及考点：冠词误用。比较级前不用加定冠词the，直接用poorer diet就行

参考译文：史前的村民们倾向于努力工作，防除疾病，和吃比游牧的猎人少的食物。

10. A major Canadian city， Montreal is second only to Paris as the most largest French-speaking city in the world.

答案：D

分析及考点：最表述有误。Largest已经是最了，前面不用再加most

参考译文：加拿大主要的城市蒙特利尔，是世界上仅次于巴黎的第二法语城市。