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　　Task1

　　Which one of the following forms of transportation do you consider to be most enjoyable?

　　l bicycle

　　l automobile

　　l train

　　Explain why you enjoy it.

　　话题：Approach 方法

　　思路：喜欢自行车：(1)保护环境;(2)锻炼身体

　　高分词汇：transportation, practice, fossil, dioxide, atmosphere, muscles, stressful, sedentary

　　范文：I like to travel by bicycle most among the three transportation forms. One reason is to protect the environment because the practice can save fossil fuels and release no carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. Another reason is to have more exercises since riding bicycles forms strong muscles in one’s legs, which provides a valuable opportunity for stressful and sedentary office gentlemen and ladies to escape and breathe in the fresh air.

　　Task 2

　　Do you agree or disagree with the following statement?

　　In the future, people will read fewer books than they do toady.

　　Use specific examples and details to support your opinion.

　　话题：Study 学习

　　思路：未来人们读书会比现在少：(1)时间少;(2)娱乐活动更多

　　高分词汇：present, obvious, employee, immerse, entertainments, operas, focus

　　范文：I believe that people in the future will read fewer books than they do in the present. One obvious reason is that the rapid pace of life allows less time for employees to immerse themselves in a wide range of books. Another reason is that various entertainments such as video games, soap operas and outdoor activities will distract people from focusing on studying, even when they are in library.

　　Task 3

　　Professor Evaluations

　　The university requires students to complete written evaluations of their professors at the end of each course taught during the semester. But current system is private, since only the professors actually read the evaluations once the student submit them. I suggest that the university publish these evaluation online for everyone to read. Both professors and students would benefit from having these evaluation published. Professor would feel more motivated to improve their teaching if they knew that their evaluations were publicly available to all students. In addition, prospective students could read the evaluation and make more informed decisions about which classes they want ti take.

　　Sincerely

　　Chris Jacobs

　　Question: The woman express her opinion about the proposal in the letter. Briefly summarize the proposal. Then state the woman’s opinion and explain the reasons she gives for holding that opinion.

　　话题：Teaching Activities教学活动

　　思路：女生不同意这个建议的原因有两个，一个是教授不愿意公开批评;另一个是到期末时，大家都会忙着准备考试，在评估时可能没有办法提供详细有价值的信息。

　　高分词汇：reveal, evaluation, motivations, proposal, criticize, assessment, estimation, practical

　　范文： It is suggested by the student that the university should reveal the online evaluations of the professors to the public because the professors would have more motivations to prepare their lessons and students would have more information about what course to take. The woman in the conversation does not agree with the proposal. First of all, professors will not be happy with being criticized in the public, so they might not look at the assessments. Secondly, these estimations are done by students who are busy with their final examinations, which provides little practical and detailed information about courses.

　　Task 4

　　Reactance

　　People of all ages generally prefer to have as much freedom as possible in determining their behavior. When individuals feel that their actions are being unfairly limited, they often attempt to restore freedom by directly contradicting or opposing the rule of regulation that threatened their freedom. Both children and adults demonstrate behaviors that are the results of their urge to restore freedom. This reaction, termed “reactance” by psychologists, come from an individual’s desire to reestablish freedom and control of a situation.

　　Question: Explain how the examples in the lecture illustrate the concept of reactance.

　　话题：Psychology 心理学

　　思路：阐述术语“逆反心理”的概念，展开例子：(1)孩子在被限制去操场玩以后会更加想去玩所以会溜过去;(2)成年人在被限制买某种肥皂以后会买更多这种肥皂。

　　高分词汇：opposition, reestablish, illustrate, apparent, sneak, ban, subterfuge

　　范文： The reading passage introduces a term called “reactance”, which is the reaction of direct opposition to unfair restrictions of behaviors in order to reestablish freedom and take control of a situation. The lecturer further illustrates this term by using the example of both children and adults. One example is that when a kid is not allowed to have fun on the playground by his parents for no apparent reason, he will have a stronger desire to go there than before, so it is more likely for him to sneak over there. Another example is that when a certain kind of soap was to be banned from sales for the subterfuge of environmental damage, an increasing number of people bought the soap the week before the law was put into effect.

　　Task 5

　　Briefly summarize the problem the speakers are discussing. Then state which solution you would recommend. Explain the reasons for your recommendation.

　　话题：Association Activity 社团活动

　　思路：女孩遇到的问题是自己准备的画过大了不能展示。解决方法：(1)用旧的画，但是那不能体现现在的水平;(2)再画一幅，但是最近有考试非常忙。

　　高分词汇：artwork, appreciate, criteria, current, theme, occupy, worthwhile

　　范文： The girl is going to show her artwork in the student center for people to appreciate. The problem is that the painting she prepares for the exhibition is too large for the small amount of wall space. To solve the problem, the girl can either hand in her old small painting, or she could draw a new one that meets the criteria. I prefer the second solution. I believe by drawing a new picture, the girl is able to show her current painting level and what she draws may better suit the theme of the exhibition. On the other hand, although it might occupy some sleep hours to prepare for the coming examination and the exhibition at the same time, it would be worthwhile to see the better results eventually.

　　Task 6

　　Using the example of goats from the lecture, explain the two benefits of animal domestication for early humans.

　　话题：History 历史

　　思路：早期人类驯养动物的好处：(1)食物来源更加稳定;(2)食物种类更加丰富

　　高分词汇：domestication, constant, tractable, migration, whereas, merit, variety, gather, preserve

　　范文： The lecture talks about two benefits of animal domestication for early humans. The first advantage was that it offered early humans with a more constant source of meat. For example, goats were tractable, so they could move from place to another with human migration. The goats were available to eat whenever and wherever the people needed meat whereas it relied more on luck to hunt wild animals. The second merit was that domesticated animals could supply a variety of foods besides meat. For instance, early humans could gather the goat milk and make it into other kinds of food such as yogurt and cheese, which could be preserved. By contrast, wild animals could furnish nothing but meat.

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