托福阅读场景词汇：经济贸易类英语词汇四节【新航道原创】

托福阅读场景类词汇-经济贸易类英语词汇第四节：

aboard

释义. prep.在(船、飞机、火车等)上

例句. In 1841 Edward Forbes was offered the chance to serve as naturalist aboard HMS Beacon, an English Royal Navy ship assigned to survey the Aegean Sea. (TPO 36-1)

cargo  

释义.n.(船或飞机装载的)货物

例句. Spillalge from huge oil-carrying cargo ships, called tankers, can create oil slicks at sea. (TPO 4-3)

coin

释义.v.创造(新词语);铸造(货币)n.硬币

例句. Lesley Maynard, the archaeologist who coined the phrase “Panaramitee style," suggested that a sequence could be determined for Australian rock art. (TPO 23-3)

派生.coinage n. 金属货币

cottage

释义.n.小屋;村舍

例句. Woolens and textile manufacturers, in particular, utilized rural cottage (in-home) production, which took advantage of cheap and plentiful rural labor. (TPO 10-3)

handicraft

释义.n.手工艺;手工艺品

例句. One result was an influx of cheap machine-made goods that swamped the handicrafts industry of the country. (TPO 50-2)

Toll

释义. n. 通行费;(战争等造成的)毁坏V. (缓慢而有规律地)敲(钟)

例句. In 1857, Denmark abolished the Sound toll dues the fees :

had collected since 1497 for the use of the Sound. (TPO 181)

economics  

释义. n.经济情况;经济学

例句.However, in many places the resource is potentially so large that its future will depend on the economics of production 9(TPO21-1)

economist  

释义. n. 经济学家;经济

例句.Assuming that China's population in 1400 was about 80 million, the economist Dwight Perkins concludes that its growth to 700 million or more in the 1960s was made possible by a steady increase in the grain supply... (TPO 48-1)

haul

释义.以.拖，拉;用力缓慢挪动到(某处)n.大批赃物;旅程

例句. For people in cliff dwellings, hauling water, wood, and food to their homes was a major chore. (TPO 24-3)

industrialism  

释义.n.工业主义;产业主义

例句. At the same time, workers were required to discard old habits, for industrialism demanded a worker who was alert, dependable, and self-disciplined. (OG-5)

journeyman

释义.n. 出师的学徒工;熟练工

例句. As master craft workers, they imparted the knowledge of their trades to apprentices and journeymen. (OG-5)

transaction  

释义.n.交易;事务

例句. The oldest cuneiform texts recorded the transactions of tax collectors and merchants, the receipts and bills of sale of an urban society. (TPO 39-1)

Wool

释义.n.毛织品;羊毛

例句.During the following centuries, the applications of waterpower kept pace with the developing technologies of mining, iron working, paper making, and the wool and cotton industries.(TPO 29-3)

派生.

Woolens .n. (尤指针织的)毛衣

bargain

释义.n. 交易;便宜货v.讨价还价:议价

例句. Commercial correspondence, unnecessary when one businessperson oversaw everything and made direct bargains with buyers and sellers, multiplied. (TPO 46-2)

barter

释义. V. 作物物交换n.物物交换

例句. Bartering was a basic trade mechanism for many thousands of years; it involved the mutual exchange of commodities or objects between individuals or groups. (TPO 41-3)

capitalist

释义。n. 资本家;资本主义者adj.资本主义的

例句. In addition, women often worked in their homes part-time, making finished articles from raw material supplied by merchant capitalists. (OG-5)

Harbor

释义。n.海港V.窝藏，庇护(罪犯等)

例句。The people of the Netherlands, with a long tradition of fisheries and mercantile shipping, had difficulty in developing good harbors suitable for steamships. (TPO 18-1)

monetary  

释义. adj. 货币的;财政的

例句.The central state was intrinsically fragile, since the development of new international trade routes could undermine the monetary base and erode state power.. (TPO 16-1)

Navy

释义. n.海军;深蓝色

例句. In 1841 Edward Forbes was offered the chance to naturalist aboard HMS Beacon, an English Royal Navy ship assigned to survey the Aegean Sea. (TPO 36-2)

Reinvest

释义. V. 再投责;把(利润)用于再投资

例句。Greater productivity and rising demands provided entrepreneurs with profits that could be reinvested to take advantage of new technologies to further expand capacity.(TPO 26-1)

托福阅读词汇题解答技巧

除了集中强化地背单词之外，考生还应学会根据单词所在的上下文语境利用逻辑关系来推测单词的含义。在考试过程中，考生可以利用到的逻辑关系有并列关系，举例关系和转折关系。下面将依次举例进行说明。

1. 并列关系解答词汇题实例

如果两个句子成分之间是并列的关系，则它们的感情色彩应该相近，所描述的内容性质也相近。常见的表示并列关系的信号词有：and, both…and, as well as, also, similarly, equally, likewise等。

例题分析：

Paragraph 4: The ice shelf cores, with a total length of 215 meters (705 feet), were long enough to penetrate through glacial ice---which is formed from the compaction of snow and contains air bubbles---and to continue into the clear, bubble-free ice formed from seawater that freezes onto the bottom of the glacial ice. (OG Test 2 Green Icebergs)

4. The word penetrate in the passage is closest in meaning to

A. collect

B. pierce

C. melt

D. endure

解析

本句较长，破折号中的从句是对前面的glacial ice的修饰，可暂且忽略不看，因此由句子中的and可知，and前后的词penetrate和continue into是并列关系，continue into表达“进入”的含义，因此可对选项进行筛选，collect为“收集”，melt意为“溶解，融化”，endure意为“持续;容忍”，因此可推测出答案为B选项。B选项中的pierce为“渗透，渗入”的意思，与penetrate(渗透，穿透)同义。

2. 举例关系解答词汇题实例

举例是对前面的观点进行论证和解释，因此例子与其论证对象的特质相一致。表示举例关系的信号词有for example/instance, such as, like, including等。

例题分析

Paragraph 8: People decide whether they will act aggressively or not on the basis of factors such as their experiences with aggression and their interpretation of other people's motives. Supporting evidence comes from research showing that aggressive people often distort other people's motives. For example, they assume that other people mean them harm when they do not.

10. The word “distort” in the passage is closest in meaning to

A. mistrust

B. misinterpret

C. criticize

D. resent

解析

后句中看到信号词for example, 则是举例子来论证前面的观点。后句意思为“他们认为别人想伤害自己，而事实并非如此”，可以看出是误解了别人的想法，那么前句的观点应当是“有攻击性的人经常误解别人的动机”，由此可以推测出distort为“误解，曲解”类似的含义，则选出正确答案B. misinterpret(曲解)。

3. 转折/对比关系解答词汇题实例

一个句子中出现了转折或对比关系时，则转折词前后的内容相反。表示转折关系的信号词有although, despite, in spite of, instead (of), while, on the contrary, conversely, rather than, however, but, whereas等。

例题分析

Paragraph 4: But when a new area is fueled by rain, the mammals migrate toward it in a set order to exploit it. The larger, less fastidious feeders, the zebras, move in first; the choosier, smaller wildebeests come later; and the smallest species of all, Thomson’s gazelle, arrives last.

10. The word fastidious in the passage is closest in meaning to

A. rapid

B. determined

C. flexible

D. demanding

解析

本句中虽然没有明确的出现表对比的信号词，但是考生很容易发现the larger, less fastidious feeders, the zebras, move in first; the choosier, smaller wildebeests come later; 前后两句形成对比关系，其中larger与smaller互为反义词，则可推测出less fastidious与choosier同样互为反义词，则进一步推出fastidious与choosier应为近义词，choosier为“挑剔的”意思，所以选出正确答案D. demanding(苛求的)，fastidious本身意为“挑剔的，吹毛求疵的”含义。

同词异意对比法。如：bear, bill, scale等。

常用的托福阅读词汇题解答技巧就推荐这些，如在学习过程中发现错误或者有问题咨询的话，欢迎添加新航道专业老师微信(微信号：shnc_2018)进行详细咨询。