托福阅读场景词汇：历史社会类英语词汇二节【新航道原创】
1托福阅读场景词汇：历史社会相关英语词汇二节
Dutch
释义•adj.荷兰的；荷兰人的；荷兰语的
例句•Dutch land reclamation in the Netherlands in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries provides the most spectacular example of the expansion of farmland.(TPO 10-3)
elite
释义•n.社会精英；上层集团
例句•It was these conditions that allowed an elite to emerge, probably as an organizing class, and to sustain itself through the control of surplus crops.(TPO 26-3)
派生•nonelite adj.非精英的
Ritual
释义•n(无指）宗救仪式；惯例；礼制 adj.仪式的；老套的
例句•The most widely accepted theory, championed by anthropologists in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, envisions theater as emerging out of myth and ritual(TPO1-2)
solid
释义•n.固体；立方体 ; 固体的；可靠的；一致的
例句•Yet Callisto seems to have frozen solid before the process of differentiation was complete.(TPO 42-3)
settle
释义•v定居；解决；沉降；安排
例句•The vast grasslands of the High Plains in the central United States were settled by farmers and ranchers in the 1880s.（TPO 3-2)
Sumer
释义•n.苏美尔（古地区名）
例句•It was here that the civilization known as Sumer emerged in its earliest form in the fifth millennium. (TPO 26-3)
empire
释义•n.帝国；帝王统治
例句•Horses were adopted by peoples of the West African savannah, and later their powerful cavalry forces allowed them to carve out large empires. (TPO 7-3)
peasant
释义•n.农民；乡下人
例句•Dutch peasants were able to remain unaffected by this crisis for a long time because they had specialized in dairy farming industrial crops, and horticulture.(TPO 23-2)
domesticate
释义•V.驯化，培育（植物或农作物）；驯养（动物）
例句•However, this is one plant out of a long list of Southeast Asian
domesticates.(TPO 5-2)
派生。domesticated adj.家养的；驯服的
educated
释义•adj.受过教育的；有教养的
例句• Egypt gave us the tradition of the scribe not just as educated person but as artist and calligrapher.(TPO 39-1)
派生。education n.教育；培养；教育学
educational adj.教育的；有教育意义的
pastoralist
释义•adj.游牧的n.牧民
例句。This mobility helps to explain the impact of pastoralist societies on this part of the world. (TPO 14-3)
cereal
释义•n.(常加牛奶作早餐的）谷类食物；谷类植物
例句。For example, the claim that breakfast cereal has a health benefit may be accompanied by the disclaimer "when part of a nutritionally balanced breakfast.”（TPO 14-1)
province
释义•n.省份；领域
例句. The physical bonds included the network of military garrisons, which were stationed in every province, and the network of stone-built roads that linked the provinces with Rome.(TPO7-2)
compact
释义•v.把•••紧压在一起（或压实）
例句•Snow falls as hexagonal crystals, but once on the ground, snow is soon transformed into a compacted mass of smaller, rounded grains.(TPO 15-3)
派生•compactness n.紧密；密实度；紧密度
pastoralism
释义•n.游牧（牧者带着牲口逐水草而居）
例句. So pastoralism is a more extensive lifeway than farming is. （TPO 14-3)
court
释义•宫廷，法院，球场，奉承；招致；讨好；求爱
例句.Around the year 900, Ibn Muqla , who was a secretary and vizier at the Abbasid court in Baghdad, developed a system of proportioned writing (TPO 34-1)
weave
释义•k编织；过回前进几，织物；编织式样
例句.A rotary engine attached to the steam engine enabled shafts to be turned and machines to be driven, resulting in mills using steam power to spin and weave cotton.(TPO 26-1)
派生•weaver n.织工；织布者
nomad
释义•n.游牧民
例句•A modern Turkic nomad interviewed by Cribb commented:＂The more animals you have, the farther you have to move."（TPO 14-3)
residence
释义•n.停留；住所；居住
例句•This raises the matter of a lake's residence time.(TPO 24-1)
territory
释义•n.领土；范围；地域
例句•The imposition of a military base involved the requisition of native lands for both the fort and the territory needed to feed and exercise the soldiers' animals. (TPO 19-1)
consistent
释义•adj.一致的；坚持的
例句•Thus, the paintings are consistent with the idea that the art is related to the importance of hunting in the economy of Upper Paleolithic people.(TPO 4-2)
scatter
释义•v.使分散；散开；撒播n.散落；三三两两
例句•Sharing and cooperation were almost c ertainly part of early Puebloan life, even for people living in largely independent single-household residences scattered across the landscape.（TPO 24-3)
fort
释义•n.堡垒；要塞；［美］边界贸易站
例句•Architecture of this era reflected this with even the largest of the fortified towns and hill forts containing no more than clusters of medium-sized structures.(TPO 47-1)
philosophy
释义•n.哲学；哲理；人生观
例句•Third, Greek philosophy was opened up to the philosophy and religion of the East. (TPO 43-1)
派生•philosophical adj.哲学的（＝philosophic)
excavate
释义•v.发掘，挖出（古建筑或古物）；开凿
例句•Also , a specialized metal-producing workshop may have been excavated in a small area at Uruk. (TPO 27-1)
派生•excavation n.挖掘；发掘
2值得推荐的英语词汇记忆法
1.形象记忆法
形象记忆之所以一直受到追从是在于它把原先的机械记忆通过形象联想转化成了逻辑记忆，因而摆脱了死记硬背。形象记忆又分很多种，相对用得较为广泛的应该是 谐音形象记忆，就是把有些知识按照其他熟悉的同音语言去理解，使之生动，有趣。那么作为以中文为母语的学习者而言当然是汉字。用谐音记忆法通常会有意想不 到的效果。例如： ache------a+che，可以理解为“啊。。。车。。。撞到了--------痛”。
2.卡片记忆法
自己制作单词卡片，卡片写上词形、词性、词义、音标、搭配、例句等，随身携带进行单词记忆。可以按照字母顺序，每日几词的方式。
3.对比记忆法
英汉对比。如：radar(雷达)，cigar(雪茄)，beer(啤酒)，bar(酒吧), shark(鲨鱼)，fee(费)等。
同音词对比法。如：right-write，eye-I，meet-meat等。
单复数对比法。如：wood-woods，good-goods等。
同词异意对比法。如：bear, bill, scale等。
常考的雅思听力类词汇就是以上这些，如在学习过程中发现错误或者有问题咨询的话，欢迎添加新航道专业老师微信(微信号：shnc_2018)进行详细咨询。
