雅思长难句解析:名从、并列、状语嵌套
例句1
The seven surviving versions of Mona Lisa bear witness to the fact that in the 16th century, artists seemed perfectly content to assign the reproduction of their creations to their workshop apprentices as regular 'bread and butter' work. (剑 10 test2 passage 3)
1)结构分析
层次一:
主句:The seven surviving versions of Mona Lisa bear witness to the fact
从句:that in the........bread and butter work 【that引导的同位语从句, 解释前面fact的内容】
层次二:
主句内部:versions bear witness to(谓语)the fact
从句内部:
主体:artists content to assign A to B
修饰①:in the 16th century (介词短语做时间状语,修饰整个从句)
修饰②:of creations (介词短语修饰 reproduction)
修饰③:as........work (介词短语修饰 reproduction)
结构总结: 主句+同位从【嵌套介短定状】
2) 译文分析:
红体字代表主句主干,绿体字代表从句主干,括号代表修饰
(现存的 7 个蒙娜丽莎的)版本证明了一个事实:(在 16 世纪,)艺术家们似乎非常愿意将(作品的)复制工作布置给(工作室的)学徒们(作为常规的“谋生”工作。)
3)重点词汇:
survivingr:现存的
bear witness tor:见证了
content to dor:满意于做某事,愿意做某事
perfectlyr:完全地,绝 对地(表示一种“很/非常/相当”的程度)
reproductionr: 复制(=copy/ replicate)
assign A to Br:把A分配布置给B
creationsr:创作出的东西(这里指作品=works)
apprenticer:学徒
bread and butter:谋生、生计【一种习语】
例句2
Today the task of reproducing pictures is incomparably more simple and reliable, with reprographic techniques that allow the production of high-quality prints made exactly to the original scale, with faithful colour values, and even with duplication of the surface relief of the painting. (剑 10 test2 passage 3)
1)结构分析
层次一:
主句:the task........reliable
状语:with reprographic......painting【with介词短语做原因状语, 表示整个主句的原因】
层次二:
主句内部:
主体:the task is more simple and relaible
修饰①:of the reproducing pictures(介词短语修饰task,表示task的内容)
修饰②:incomparably (副词修饰 more simple and reliable,表示程度)
状语内部:
主体:with......,with........, and with.....painting(3个with短语并列)
with①:
1)that....scale (that引导的定从,修饰 technique)
2)of high-quality prints....scale(介词短语修饰production)
3)made to......scale(done做后置定语,修饰prints)
with③:
1)of the surface relief of the painting (介词短语修饰duplication)
2)of the painting (介词短语修饰 relief)
结构总结:主句【嵌套介短定语】+ 3个原因状语并列【嵌套定从+介短定状】
2)译文分析:
红体字代表主句主干,绿体字代表状语主干,括号代表修饰
(如今,)(复制画作这个)任务变得空前的简单可靠,这归功于三点:①复印技术能使高质量印刷品高度还原原作大小 ②高度还原颜色值 ③甚至能够复制表面浮雕
注意:with①和③部分虽然从语法角度来看,重点分别在 technique和duplication上, 但是从语义角度来看,重点想强调技术带来的结果(也就是:几个高度还原原作的方面),所以才将三个还原点作为主体信息用绿体字标注了出来。
3)重点词汇:
reproduce=reprographic=duplicate:复制
incomparably:不可比拟的,无 敌的
to the original scale:按照原来的大小
faithful:忠于的 相信的(这里指代“高度还原原作”)
colour values:颜色值【注意value一词多义(值;(色彩)明暗度)】
surface relief of painting:画作的浮雕
high-qualify:高质量的
prints:印刷品
例句3
Evidently, nothing the viewer thinks about the work is going to alter that value, and so today's viewer is deterred from trying to extend that spontaneous, immediate, self-reliant kind of reading which would originally have met the work. (剑 10 test2 passage 3)
1)结构分析:
层次一:
nothing.......values(主句①),and so today’s...... work(主句②) (并列句,前后因果关系)
层次二:
主句①内部:
主体:nothing is going to alter that value
修饰:the viewer thinks about the work(省略that的定语从句,修饰nothing)
主句②内部:
主体:today‘s viewer is deterred from trying to extent reading
修饰①:that......kind of(adj做前置定语,修饰reading)
修饰②:which.......work(which引导的定从,修饰reading)
结构总结: 主句①【嵌套定从】 + and so + 主句②【嵌套adj和定语从句】
2)译文分析:
红体字代表主句主干,括号代表修饰
(很明显,)(参观者对作品的)任何想法都无法改变那种价值,所以如今的他们就不愿再向作品表达(单纯符合作品本身的)(自发、即时、自主的)解读了。
3)重点词汇:
alter:改变
value:价值
deter sb from doing sth:阻止某人最某事
extend:①延伸 延长 ②提供, 给予 ③对....估价【这里应该选取②的意思:extend.....reading
(to work)译为:给予作品某解读(也就是:对作品的评价看法)】
spontaneous:自发的(autonomous)
immediate:即时的(instant)
self-reliant:独立的
reading:解读 评价(criticize/view)
originally:最初的,原来的【这里引申为:单纯的考虑作品本身】
meet:①遇见sb ②满足need ③匹配符合【这里选用③】