AP政府与政治重要词汇分类表

　　AP政府与政治重要词汇分类表

　　Government

　　政府

　　Politics

　　Government

　　Democracy

　　Direct democracy

　　Representative democracy

　　Republic

　　Legitimate

　　Parliamentary system

　　Presidential system

　　A Congress

　　A President

　　The Judiciary

　　The Constitution

　　宪法

　　Articles of Confederation

　　Sovereignty

　　Unicameral legislature

　　Shay’s Rebellion

　　Great (or Connecticut)Compromise

　　Constitution

　　Majority Rule

　　Minority Rights

　　To propose an Amendment

　　To ratify an Amendment

　　Some key facts

　　Republic

　　Judicial review

　　Separation of powers

　　Federalism

　　Congress

　　President

　　Courts

　　Checks and balances

　　Faction

　　Federalists

　　Antifederalists

　　Federalist Papers

　　Coalition

　　The Bill of Rights

　　Ex Post Facto Law

　　Writ of Habeas Corpus

　　Bill of Attainder

　　Amendment1, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10

　　Amendment2 & 3

　　Civil Liberties

　　公民自由

　　Bill of Rights

　　Civil liberties

　　Due-process clause

　　Equal protection clause

　　Incorporation

　　Prior restraint

　　Freedom of Expression

　　Criminaland Civil Law

　　Libel

　　Free speech

　　Symbolic speech

　　Free-exercise clause

　　Establishment clause

　　Wall of separation

　　Religious freedom

　　Exclusionary rule

　　Search warrants

　　Probable cause

　　The Miranda Rules

　　CriminalJustice

　　Good-faithexception

　　Civil Rights

　　公民权利

　　Separate-but-equal doctrine

　　Suspect classifications

　　Strict scrutiny

　　Reverse discrimination

　　Equality of opportunities

　　Affirmative action

　　Civil Rights

　　Affirmative Action

　　Rightsfor Women

　　Police powers

　　Privacy and Abortion

　　Gay Rights

　　Federalism

　　宪政主义

　　Sovereignty

　　Federalism

　　Confederation

　　Confederal system

　　Nullification

　　Dual federalism

　　Grants-in-aid

　　The States and the Constitution

　　Categorical grant

　　Blockgrant

　　Mandates

　　Conditions of aid

　　Public opinion and the Media

　　公益和媒体

　　Public opinion

　　Poll

　　Random sample

　　The Art of Public-Opinion Polling

　　Sampling error

　　Elite(political)

　　New class

　　Traditional middle class

　　Gender gap

　　Liberal

　　Conservative

　　Political ideology

　　Political parties and Interest groups

　　政党和利益团体

　　Political party

　　Interest group

　　Faction

　　Lobbyists

　　National convention

　　National committee

　　Congressional campaign committee

　　National chairman

　　Federal money

　　Soft money

　　Political machine

　　Ideological party

　　Solidary

　　Personal following

　　Single-member districts

　　Proportional representation

　　Plurality system

　　Caucus(congressional)

　　Interests Represented by Organizations in Washington Politics

　　Political efficacy

　　Solidary incentives

　　Material incentives

　　Purposive incentive

　　Publicinterest lobby

　　Pluralist theory(politics)

　　Cue(political)

　　Campaigns and Elections

　　选战和选举

　　Activist

　　Australian ballot

　　Voting-age population(VAP)

　　Voting-eligible population (VEP)

　　Registered voters

　　Motor-voter law

　　Kinds of Elections

　　General election

　　Primary election

　　Closed primary

　　Open primary

　　Blanket primary

　　Runoff primary

　　Presidential primary

　　Spots(campaign)

　　Visual(campaign)

　　Retrospective voters

　　Prospective voters

　　Critical,or realigning,periods

　　New Deal coalition

　　Split-tickets

　　Party-column ballot

　　Office-bloc ballot

　　Straight ticket voting

　　Selective attention

　　Political action committee (PAC)

　　Independent expenditures

　　Soft money

　　Matching funds

　　Major Federal Campaign-Finance Rules

　　527s

　　Congress

　　国会

　　Party polarization

　　Congress

　　Parliament

　　Franking privilege

　　Bicameral legislature

　　The Powers of Congress

　　Runoff primary

　　Majority leader (floorleader)

　　Minority leader

　　Whip

　　Speaker

　　Representative

　　Senator

　　Judging qualifications

　　Privileges

　　The size of Congress

　　Party vote

　　Caucus(congressional)

　　Standing committees

　　Select committees

　　Joint committees

　　Conference committees

　　Major committees

　　Minor committees

　　Exclusive committees

　　Major committees

　　No-major committees

　　Simple resolution

　　Concurrent resolution

　　Joint resolution

　　Discharge petition

　　Restrictive rule

　　Closed rule

　　Openrule

　　House

　　Senate

　　Filibuster

　　Riders

　　Cloture resolution

　　Double tracking

　　Voice vote

　　Division vote

　　Roll-call vote

　　Veto

　　The Presidency

　　总统制

　　Executive privilege

　　Veto message

　　Pocket veto

　　Line-item veto

　　Legislative veto

　　Signing Statements

　　Circular structure

　　Pyramid structure

　　Cluster structure

　　Cabinet

　　The President: qualifications and benefits

　　Trial balloon

　　Impeachment

　　Budget resolution

　　Continuing resolution

　　Budget deficit

　　Budget surplus

　　The Bureaucracy官僚制

　　Bureaucracy

　　Discretionary authority

　　Competitive service

　　Excepted service

　　Name-request job

　　Iron triangle

　　Issue network

　　Authorization legislation

　　Appropriation

　　Trust funds

　　Committee clearance

　　Red tape

　　The Judiciary司法制度

　　Judicial review

　　Strict constructionist approach (judicial)

　　Activist approach (judicial)

　　Marburyv. Madison

　　Constitutional court

　　District courts

　　Courts of appeals

　　Legislative court

　　Senatorial courtesy

　　The Organization of the Federal Courts

　　Federal-question cases

　　Diversity cases

　　Writof certiorari

　　In forma pauperis

　　Fee shifting

　　Standing

　　Sovereign immunity

　　Class-action suit

　　TheFederal Court System

　　Brief

　　Amicus curiae

　　Opinion of the Court

　　Percuriam opinion

　　Concurring opinion

　　Dissenting opinion

　　Stare decisis

　　Precedent

　　Political question

　　Remedy

　　Judicial activism

　　Making Domestic Policy国内政策制定

　　Deficit

　　National debt

　　Gross Domestic Product

　　The Federal Reserve Board

　　Fiscal policy

　　Cost

　　Benefit

　　Legitimacy

　　Majoritarian politics

　　Client politics

　　Interest-group politics

　　Entrepreneurial politics

　　Policy entrepreneur

　　Foreign and Military Policy外交政策和军事政策

　　Client politics

　　Interest-group politics

　　Entrepreneurial politics

　　Majoritarian politics

　　Polarization

　　Containment

　　The Declaration of Independence独立宣言

　　The Constitution of the United States美国宪法

　　TheFederalist Papers

　　联邦党人文集

 

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