托福阅读常考话题及练习题推荐三：动物行为变化（3）

1托福阅读常考话题：动物行为变化练习题

Paragraph 1: A conspicuous sign indicating the presence of white-tailed deer in a woodlot is a buck rub. ■A make deer makes a buck rub by striping the bark (outer layer) of a small tree with its antlers. ■When completed, the buck rub is an obvious visual signal to us and presumable to other deer in the area. ■A rub is usually located at the shoulder height of a deer (one meter or less above the ground) on a smooth-barked, small-diameter (16-25 millimeters) tree. ■The smooth bark of small red maples makes this species ideal for buck rubs in the forests of the mid-eastern United States.

13. Look at the four squares [■] that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage.

This process can take a few hours to several days.

Where would the sentence best fit?

14 Directions: An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided below. Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that express the most important ideas in the passage. Some sentences do not belong in the summary because they express ideas that are not presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the passage. This question is worth 2 points.

Buck rubs and buck scrapes are two types of markings made by white-tailed deer.

Answer Choices

A. The observation that deer sniff and lick buck rubs first led scientists to connect buck rubs with combat between adult males during the breeding season.

B. Buck rubs and buck scrapes are visual signals and smells that deer use to communicate a variety of information to other deer.

C. The number of buck rubs and buck scrapes in a given area changes as the density of the population of male deer in the area changes.

D. As they rub the bark from trees, male deer leave behind chemicals produced by the glands in their foreheads, creating a scent that other deer can detect.

E. The height of a buck rub, the type of tree used, and the direction in which the deer applies the rub can give different kinds of information to other deer.

F. Buck rubs are created close to the breeding season of deer and may affect the timing of fertility in the female deer that visit the rubs.