托福阅读常考话题及练习题推荐一：动物行为变化（3）

1托福阅读常考话题：动物行为变化练习题

Paragraph 4: So, in another set of experiments, Kramer put identical food boxes around the cage, with food in only one of the boxes. ■The boxes were stationary, and the one containing food was always at the same point of the compass. ■However, its position with respect to the surroundings could be changed by revolving either the inner cage containing the birds or the outer walls, which served as the background. ■As long as the birds could see the Sun, no matter how their surroundings were altered, they went directly to the correct food box. ■Whether the box appeared in front of the right wall or the left wall, they showed no signs of confusion. On overcast days, however, the birds were disoriented and had trouble locating their food box.

13. Look at the four squares [■] that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage.

He arranged the feed boxes at various positions on a compass.

Where would the sentence best fit?

14.Directions: An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided below. Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer that express the most important ideas in the passage. Some sentences do not belong in the summary because they express ideas that not presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the passage. This question is worth 2 points.

Gustave Kramer conducted important research related to the ability of birds to orient and navigate.

Answer Choices

A. Because caged birds become disoriented when the sky is overcast, Kramer hypothesized that birds orient themselves according to the Sun's position.

B. In one set of experiments, Kramer placed the box containing food at the same point of the compass each time he put food boxes in the birds’ environment.

C. Kramer demonstrated that an internal biological clock allows starlings to compensate for the Sun's movement.

D. After several studies, Kramer surmised that an internal biological clock allows some species of birds to navigate at night.

E. The role of environmental cues in birds' navigation is clear, for on overcast days, birds use objects besides the Sun to orient themselves.

Kramer showed that night-migrating birds use the sky to navigate by the stars.