托福作文偏题问题分析

　　偏题是考生托福作文备考练习中经常出现的问题。造成偏题的原因比较多，其中突出的原因就是写作过程中存在跳跃性思维，即学生并没有严格按照作文的要求进行写作。下面，小编就围绕偷换概念这一偏题问题的现象及其原因进行分析，帮助考生了解作文写作中的偏题问题。

　　例题：Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Teachers should assign homework for students every day.

　　这是机经上的一道题目，问是否同意“老师应该每天都给学生留作业”。这一题我们可以从every day着手，选择不同意的态度，首先让步——承认老师应该留作业，然后再转折——但是如果每门学科每天都留作业的话，对于学生而言负担太重，进而会造成一系列不好的影响。在初见这道题时，大多数同学都能想到上述的解题思路。可是在真正写作的过程中却有不少学生出现了“偷换概念”的情况：

　　开头段：I understand that the teachers need to assign homework. But now, teachers are giving too much homework. Every day, teenagers like us carry home loads of homework. It’s too much, that when we put it down, it almost can pile into an enormous book mountain. I think that some homework can be good for students themselves, but too much is not very efficient to kids.

　　中间段：(省略)主要论述作业多了如何不好

　　结尾段：At last, I suppose that giving kids an amount of homework is a good way to do, but giving them too much homework is very stressful. We all need nice rests, so the teachers need to give the students some breaks. The teachers need to handle both studying and resting very well.

　　开头结尾段表明的就是作者的观点和立场。从上面的学生习作的首尾段我们应该不难看出，他一直都在论述的是：现在的老师布置的作业太多了，老师不应该布置那么多的作业。回到我们的题目，题目里并没有提到“布置很多作业”，那小作者是怎么得到“作业很多”这个概念的呢?其实这就是因为作者思维上跳跃了一级：assign homework every day→a large amount of homework→stressful for students

　　本文正确的行文应当是顺着上面的三个步骤进行推理，而作者却跳过了个步骤，直接从第二步开始，这样就导致整个文章偏离了话题的内容。虽然写的很有道理，得分却不高。那么对于这样的问题其实也有一个很简单的弥补办法，那就是在段首段尾加点料就行了。加点什么料呢?我们一起来看看下面修改后的版本：

　　开头段：I understand that the teachers need to assign homework. But now, teachers of all subjects are giving homework every day which seems too much for students to finish in one or two hours. Teenagers like us carry home loads of homework. When we put it down, it almost piles into an enormous book mountain. I think that some homework can be good for students themselves, but leaving homework every day will definitely lead to a heavy burden for students as too much assignment is not conducive to kids.

　　中间段：(省略)

　　结尾段：At last, I suppose that giving kids a certain amount of homework is good, but giving them homework every day will make them stressful because that will uplift the total amount of students’ daily assignment. We all need nice rests, so the teachers need to give the students some breaks.

　　上述修订版的文章保留了80%以上的原文，除了一些表达法的修订之外，就是增加了层关系：每天布置作业与作业量大的关系。虽然这层意思很简单，大家都能想到，但是在写作文的时候千万不能“高估”阅卷老师的智商，他们更希望什么都不用想就能知道你的文章跟题目是什么关系。

　　以上就是小编为大家分析的托福作文写作中偏题问题的表现——偷换概念的相关内容，希望这些案例的分析能够帮助考生掌握托福作文写作中偏题问题的变现及其原因，提高考生作文备考的能力和效果，在考试中取得理想的写作成绩。