托福TPO57阅读Passage 2原文+真题+PDF下载（第二部分）

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托福TPO57阅读Passage 2题目

23. Paragraphs 6‐8 suggest which of the following about the relationship between Pasteur's experiments and Virchow's concept of biogenesis?

A. In his description of the concept of biogenesis, Virchow proposed experiments similar to those later conducted by Pasteur.

B. Pasteur's experiments supported Virchow's idea that living organisms could arise only from other living organisms.

C. Pasteur's experiments renewed the arguments about spontaneous generation, which were finally settled by Virchow's theory.

D. Pasteur's experiments ended the debate about Virchow's concept of biogenesis by showing that the theory did not explain how microorganisms were generated.

24. The word "ingenious" in the passage is closest in meaning to

A. very challenging

B. well‐organized

C. very clever

D. informative

25. According to paragraph 7, why did Pasteur think that the microorganisms that had contaminated the liquids in his experiment had come from the air?

A. Previous experiments had shown that microbes in the air could contaminate sterile liquids.

B. The microorganisms appeared only in the broth in flasks that had been left open to the air.

C. The microorganisms appeared in the broth in sealed flasks only after a few days had passed.

D. The microorganisms appeared in the broth in flasks that had been unsealed, heated, and then resealed.

26. According to paragraphs 7 and 8, Pasteur's experiment involving flasks with S‐ shaped necks proved that

A. air does not cause microorganisms to arise spontaneously from nonliving matter

B. microorganisms require access to nutrient fluids in order to arise spontaneously

C. the temperature of liquids has no effect on the presence or absence of microorganisms

D. microorganisms in the air cannot travel long distances

27. Look at the four squares [■] that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage.

A. This allowed air into the jars, but not flies.

B. Where would the sentence best fit? Click on a square [■] to add the sentence to the passage.

C. So Redi set up a second experiment, in which three jars were covered with a fine net instead of being sealed.

D. This allowed air into the jars, but not flies.

E. No larvae appeared in the net‐covered jars, even though air was present.

F. Maggots appeared only when flies were allowed to leave their eggs on the meat.

28. Directions: An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided below. Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer choices that express the most important ideas in the passage. Some sentences do not belong in the summary because they express ideas that are not presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the passage. This question is worth 2 points.

Drag your answer choices to the spaces where they belong. To remove an answer choice, click on it. To review the passage, click VIEW TEXT. Until the nineteenth century, many people believed in spontaneous generation, the idea that living things arise from nonliving things. Answer Choices

A. Experiments in the seventeenth century showed that the idea of spontaneous generation did not apply to large organisms, but many still believed that microorganisms could arise spontaneously.

B. Because boiling broth in sealed flasks prevented the growth of microorganisms, some scientists believed that the spontaneous generation of microorganisms required a "vital force" from the air.

C. The new concept of biogenesis, introduced in the nineteenth century, proposed that microbes required both oxygen and nutrients in order to survive.

D. Opponents of Francesco Redi claimed that his findings were not defensible because some of the jars had been improperly sealed, allowing flies to enter.

E. Spallanzani's experiments were shown to be flawed, because he had used liquids that were contaminated by microbes.

F. Pasteur built on earlier experiments to show conclusively that microorganisms do not arise spontaneously but must come from other living things.

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