2024.9.4线下托福口语回忆口语整套解析!
Task 1
Your university is organizing a series of guest lectures. Some people think that speakers with controversial opinions should not be invited to speak at the university. Others believe that the university should feature variety of speakers, regardless of their opinions.
Which point of view do you agree with? Explain why, using details and examples in your response.
Task 2
Restriet Access to University GardenProfessors in the botany department conduct research on the plants and flowers that grow in the university botanical garden. However, it has become difficult for us to do this research, because students who visit the garden often pick the flowers and step on the plants. I think the university should close the garden to students and other visitors and only allow researchers in the area. This would ensure the protection of the plants and flowers so they can be used for research purposes. Also, there are a few parks located near town, not far from the university so students would still have ample opportunities to enjoy the outdoors. Sincerely,Professor Mary Green
听力男生不同意：
1.他认为这有点极端。如果他们想要照顾它，他们应该从让学生知道它需要被保护开始。而大多数学生甚至没有意识到他们在那里做研究。所以如果能告知学生的话，他认为大家是能遵守规则的;
2.学校附近的park并没有教授说的那样近，而且大多数学生都没有车。那里也没有公共交通工具。所以学生真的很依赖校园里这个美丽的地方。
Task 3
Distinction BiasWhen making decisions about what products to buy, people must often choose between very similar products that have only minor differences. When the options are presented simultaneously, so they can be viewed side by side, people tend to exaggerate the distinction, or differences between them. This is known as the distinction bias While the differences between the options would not be noticeable if each were evaluated separately, the fact that the options are presented together makes the differences between them seem greater. The distinction bias can lead people to make bad buying decisions, since they may place too much significance on what are actually small differences.
Explain how the example from the lecture illustrates the concept of the distinction bias.
阅读：在决定购买什么产品时，人们经常必须在非常相似的产品之间做出选择，而这些产品只有很小的区别。当这些选项同时出现时，人们往往会夸大它们之间的区别或差异。这就是所谓的区别偏差，虽然如果每个选项单独评估，选项之间的差异并不明显，但将选项放在一起呈现的事实使它们之间的差异看起来更大。区别偏见会导致人们做出错误的购买决定，因为他们可能过于看重实际上很小的差异。
听力：教授想买一个画质好的电视。店里有两台符合教授描述的电视摆放在一起。他觉得其中一台的画面比另一台电视更亮、更清晰。但是画面更清晰的电视需要多花一百美元。教授最终多花 100美金买了它。几周后教授去朋友家，发现朋友的电视是他没有买的那一台，看上去画面同样清晰。因此，教授开始怀疑自己花那额外的钱是否真的值得，因为教授可能同样会对便宜的电视感到满意。
Task 4
Using the examples of bats and sloths from the lecture, explain two adaptations for hanging upside down.
主题：两种可以帮助动物不需要消耗过多能量的情况下更舒适的倒挂(hang up)的adaptations1.these animals have adaptations that help them hold on while they're hanging.如果他们长时间倒挂甚至倒挂着睡觉，他们需要一种不太费力的方法，这样他们就不会消耗太多的能量。因此，它们身体的某些部位往往经过了特殊的调整，使它们很容易被悬挂起来。
蝙蝠。一些蝙蝠休息和睡觉时会倒挂在树枝上。但是它们不需要消耗能量来挂在树枝上。因为它们后脚的肌腱(tendons of their back feet)有一种特殊的锁定适应能力，所以它们的脚可以毫不费力地锁定(locking)在树枝上。事实上，即使它们睡着了，它们的脚也会缠绕在树枝上(stay wrapped around the branch)。
2.adaptations to make breathing easier。这是因为当动物倒立时，由于重力的作用，它的内脏通常会向下压肺。这会让人呼吸困难。扩张肺部需要更多的努力，因为其他器官都在向下压。
sloth, 树懒会花很多时间倒挂，它对这个问题有有效的适应能力。它的内部器官实际上与胸腔相连。所以当它倒立的时候器官不会压迫到肺。这意味着它在这个姿势下可以很容易地呼吸。
