托福阅读场景词汇：经济贸易类英语词汇三节【新航道原创】
托福阅读场景类词汇-经济贸易类英语词汇第三节：
productive
解义.adj.多产的;能生产的
例句. iron hoes, which made the land more productive, and iron weapons, which made the warrior more powerful, had symbolic meaning in a number of West Africa societies. (TPO7-3)
Timber
释义.n.木材;木料
例句.Timber ran short, and it was necessary to procure it from farther and farther away. (TPO 25-2)
fund
释义.n.资金;基金V.为..提供资金
例句. Such municipal governments, for example, often gave railroads rights-of-way, grants of land for stations, and public funds. (TPO 50-1)
spice
释义. n.香料v.在..中加香料
例句，Imports included a variety of new beverages, spices, and ship's goods around the world and brought money flowing back. (TPO 49-3)
scheme
释义.n. 计划;方案V.密谋;秘密策划
例句.New types of ships were needed, new methods of finding one's way, new techniques for financing so vast a scheme.(TPO 17-1)
tax
释义.n.税;税款v.对.-.征税;使负重担
例句. Peasants now paid a tax on individuals instead of being required to render labor service to the government. (TPO32-2)
派生.
Taxation n.课税;征税;税款
apprentice
释义.n.学徒v使某人当(某人的)学徒
例句. As master craft workers, they imparted the knowledge trades to apprentices and journeymen. (OG-5)
equilibrium
释义. n. 平静;均衡
例句. In the Indus plain, the movement of saline (salty) groundwaters has still reached equilibrium after 70 years of being tapped.(TPO 12-3)
freight
释义.n.货物;货运以.运送
义: Improvements in road construction and sailing had occurred, but shipping heavy freidght over land remained expensive.(TPO 26-1)
Investors
释义.n.投资者
例句. Forty-three windmills powered the drainage pumps so that they were able to lease the reclamation to farmers as early as 1612, with the investors receiving annual leasing payments...
(TPO 23-2)
league
释义.n.同盟;联盟
例句. The ventures of the German Hanseatic League lustrate these advancements. (TPO 46-2)
machinery
释义. n. 机械;机器;机构
例句. Coal was not used, however, to produce mechanical energy or to power machinery. (TPO 34-2)
silver
释义.n.银adj. 银色的V.给..镀银
例句. Beginning in the 1160s the opening of new silver mines in northern Europe led to the minting and circulation of vast quantities of siver coins. (TPO 46-2)
maritime
释义adj. 航海的:海事的:沿海的
例句But the shortage of crews proved to be a greater and greater problem, despite continuous appeal to Venic's tradition of maritime greatness. (TPO 25-2)
Monopoly
释义. n.垄断:垄断者
例句.By 1800 more than a thousand steam engines were in use in the British Isles, and Britain retained a virtual monopoly on steam engine production until the 1830s. (TPO 6-1)
Ports
释义. n.港口
例句.This, along with other policy shifts toward free trade, resulted in a significant increase in traffic through the Sound and in the port of Copenhagen. (TPO 18-1)
textile
释义.n. 纺织品
例句. Woolens and textile manufacturers, in particular, utilized rural cottage (in-home) production, which took advantage of cheap and plentiful rural labor. (TPO 10-3)
union
释义. n.工会;联盟
例句.And skilled craft workers, who spearheaded the union movement, did not feel a particularly strong bond with semiskilled factory workers and unskilled laborers. (OG-5)
voyage
释义.n. 航行V.航行;远行
例句.Coral reefs have fascinated scientists for almost 200 years, and some of the most pertinent observations of them were made in the 1830s by Charles Darwin on the voyage of the Beagle. (TPO 47-3)
abroad
释义.adv.在国外:到国外
例句Private shipbuilders were required to buy their Oak(TPO 25-2)
caravan
释义. n.商队:大篷车
例句.Trade was the mainstay of the urban economy in the East. as caravans negotiated the surrounding desert.
compass
释义. n.指南针，罗盘
例句. By the early thirteenth century, Western Europeans had ale developed and put into use the magnetic compass. .... (TPO17-1)
Guild
释义. n.行会;协会;同业公会
例句. This mode of craft production favored the growth of sel. governing and ideologically egalitarian craft guilds everywhere in the Middle Eastern city. (TPO 16-1)
income
释义.n.收入;所得
例句.In Sweden exports accounted for 18 percent of the national income in 1870, and in 1913, 22 percent of a much larger national income. (TPO 18-1)
mercantile
释义. adj. 商业的;商人的
例句The Hanseatic League was a mercantile association of European towns dating from 1159(TPO 46-2)
overland
释义. adj.横跨陆地的;通过陆路的adv.作路上旅行
例句. In the fourteenth century, a number of political developments cut Europe's overland trade routes to southern and eastern Asia.... (TPO 17-1)
tobacco
释义. n.烟草
例句. They had limited their crop production to wheat, corm, tobacco,and cotton. (TPO 20-1)
托福阅读词汇题解答技巧
除了集中强化地背单词之外，考生还应学会根据单词所在的上下文语境利用逻辑关系来推测单词的含义。在考试过程中，考生可以利用到的逻辑关系有并列关系，举例关系和转折关系。下面将依次举例进行说明。
1. 并列关系解答词汇题实例
如果两个句子成分之间是并列的关系，则它们的感情色彩应该相近，所描述的内容性质也相近。常见的表示并列关系的信号词有：and, both…and, as well as, also, similarly, equally, likewise等。
例题分析：
Paragraph 4: The ice shelf cores, with a total length of 215 meters (705 feet), were long enough to penetrate through glacial ice---which is formed from the compaction of snow and contains air bubbles---and to continue into the clear, bubble-free ice formed from seawater that freezes onto the bottom of the glacial ice. (OG Test 2 Green Icebergs)
4. The word penetrate in the passage is closest in meaning to
A. collect
B. pierce
C. melt
D. endure
解析
本句较长，破折号中的从句是对前面的glacial ice的修饰，可暂且忽略不看，因此由句子中的and可知，and前后的词penetrate和continue into是并列关系，continue into表达“进入”的含义，因此可对选项进行筛选，collect为“收集”，melt意为“溶解，融化”，endure意为“持续;容忍”，因此可推测出答案为B选项。B选项中的pierce为“渗透，渗入”的意思，与penetrate(渗透，穿透)同义。
2. 举例关系解答词汇题实例
举例是对前面的观点进行论证和解释，因此例子与其论证对象的特质相一致。表示举例关系的信号词有for example/instance, such as, like, including等。
例题分析
Paragraph 8: People decide whether they will act aggressively or not on the basis of factors such as their experiences with aggression and their interpretation of other people's motives. Supporting evidence comes from research showing that aggressive people often distort other people's motives. For example, they assume that other people mean them harm when they do not.
10. The word “distort” in the passage is closest in meaning to
A. mistrust
B. misinterpret
C. criticize
D. resent
解析
后句中看到信号词for example, 则是举例子来论证前面的观点。后句意思为“他们认为别人想伤害自己，而事实并非如此”，可以看出是误解了别人的想法，那么前句的观点应当是“有攻击性的人经常误解别人的动机”，由此可以推测出distort为“误解，曲解”类似的含义，则选出正确答案B. misinterpret(曲解)。
3. 转折/对比关系解答词汇题实例
一个句子中出现了转折或对比关系时，则转折词前后的内容相反。表示转折关系的信号词有although, despite, in spite of, instead (of), while, on the contrary, conversely, rather than, however, but, whereas等。
例题分析
Paragraph 4: But when a new area is fueled by rain, the mammals migrate toward it in a set order to exploit it. The larger, less fastidious feeders, the zebras, move in first; the choosier, smaller wildebeests come later; and the smallest species of all, Thomson’s gazelle, arrives last.
10. The word fastidious in the passage is closest in meaning to
A. rapid
B. determined
C. flexible
D. demanding
解析
本句中虽然没有明确的出现表对比的信号词，但是考生很容易发现the larger, less fastidious feeders, the zebras, move in first; the choosier, smaller wildebeests come later; 前后两句形成对比关系，其中larger与smaller互为反义词，则可推测出less fastidious与choosier同样互为反义词，则进一步推出fastidious与choosier应为近义词，choosier为“挑剔的”意思，所以选出正确答案D. demanding(苛求的)，fastidious本身意为“挑剔的，吹毛求疵的”含义。
同词异意对比法。如：bear, bill, scale等。
常用的托福阅读词汇题解答技巧就推荐这些，如在学习过程中发现错误或者有问题咨询的话，欢迎添加新航道专业老师微信(微信号：shnc_2018)进行详细咨询。
