SAT语法详细知识点:代词及名词(下)+练习
知识点7
辨析不定代词some, any, each, every, both, neither, all, none
Some一般用在肯定句中,意思是几个,一些,某个,可以修饰可数名词或不可数名词。如
I have some work to do today.
They will go there some day.
Any一般用在疑问句或者否定句中,意思是任何一些,任何一个,可修饰可数不可数名词,用在肯定句的时候,意思是任何的。
They didn’t have any friends here.
Have you got any questions to ask?
Come here with any friend.
Many和much的区别不再赘述,注意他们的反义词few和little是否定含义。
Each可以做形容词,又可以做代词,在句中的成分可以是定语、主语、宾语、同位语、状语等
Each student has his own dictionary. (形容词,定语)
Each has his good point. (代词,主语)
Our teacher had a talk with each of us. (代词,宾语)
The students each have a desk. (代词,同位语,不影响谓语动词的单复数)
The children can have a bag each. (副词,状语)
Every只有形容词词性,不可以单独使用,也就是上面五个句子只有个句子each可以被every代替。做定语时,后面都是加单数名词。相对来说each强调两个以上人活着事物中的每个,every是许多人或事的全体,与all的意思相近。
Every可以和not连用构成部分否定,意思是“并不是每个“。而each不可以和not连用,全部否定是no one。
Every可以表示每隔、每,无法用each代替。Every other的意思是每隔,如
They’ll choose one out of every ten girls.
We hand in our homework every three days.
Both 两者都,做主语时看做复数,作定语时后面跟名词复数。Neither 意思是两者都不,含有否定意义,作主语时谓语用第三人称单数,作定语时后跟名词单数。如
My parents are both teachers.= Both of my parents are teachers.
Neither answer is right.
注意both and谓语动词要用复数形式,而either or, neither nor的谓语动词遵循就近原则。如
Both he and I are free today.
Neither he nor I am free today.
All表示全部都,表示三者或者三者以上,做同位语时,一般放在联系动词助动词后,行为动词之前。如
We are all from Canada.
They all like English.
None表示没有,表示三者或者三者以上都不,后常跟介词of,none可以独立使用,在句子中可以做主语、宾语和表语,意思是没有一个,谓语单词用单数。如
None of them is in the classroom.
I have many books, but none is interesting.
注意every, all和both用于否定时表示部分否定。
None可以指物,指人,no one只能指人,而且不能和of连用。Nothing一般指物
回答how many引起的特殊疑问句用none
回答who引起的疑问句用no one
回答what或者包含anything的问句时用anything
知识点8
Another常用于三者或三者以上的另外一个,泛指单数,可单独使用可以后接名词。Other泛指,意思是另外的其他的可以和复数名词和不可数名词连用。
Others泛指其他的人或物,the others特指确定范围内剩下的全部人或物。
知识点9
像everyone, something, nobody这样的词语都是复合不定代词。
反意疑问句中,陈述句主语是everybody或者someone等指人的复合不定代词时,疑问部分可以用they也可以用he。如果陈述部分的主语时anything, nothing等指物的符合代词时,疑问部分的主语用it。
例题3
Nobody are at the forefront of addressing these oceanic environmental concerns like marine biologists.
(A) NO CHANGE
(B) Nobody at the forefront
(C) Somebody are at the forefront
(D) Nobody is at the forefront
解析3
A、C错误在于像nobody, somebody这样的词做主语,谓语动词不能是复数名词。
B错在把at the forefront of addressing these oceanic environmental concerns当做修饰nobody的修饰语了,那么句子的主语就是nobody like marine biologists了。有两个问题,一个仍然是谓语动词应该为单数,like需要改成likes,另一个句意不通,原来表示像是通顺的,现在说没有人喜欢海洋生物学家,句意奇怪。
D是对的,句子的谓语动词是is,是nobody作主语时应该采用的单数形式。
因此D
知识点10
关于疑问代词,有指人的代词,也有指物的代词。
练习:
1. Nancy Drew, the teenaged heroine of hundreds of young adult mystery novels, is alive and still on the job. I know because my niece, Liana, and her friends were reading that all summer long.
A. NO CHANGE
B. the mysteries
C. up on that
D. it over
2. The nature trail is six feet wide and seven miles long. It slithers through the forest like a snake, curving and bending along the banks of the river. The county cleared this path and paved it with packed gravel, so they would have a peaceful place to hike and bike.
A. NO CHANGE
B. knowing they
C. that they
D. People
3. As you guide your character through the game's challenges, you come to know exactly how the machine responds to your every move. He or she learns where the hazards lurk and the special weapons are hidden.
A. NO CHANGE
B. We learn
C. You learn
D. People learn
答案:
1. A在这里that修饰的一定是前文出现过的单数名词,但是前文出现的单数名词没有一个适合在这里被read。
B正确,需要表达的的就是读这些mystery novels,和mysteries是近义词。
C不仅指代犯了A错误,并且及物动词与宾语后面加上了介词。
D犯了A错误。
因此B
2. A中的they指代前文出现过的复数名词,只有banks,然而banks不可以用to hike and bike来修饰
B不仅犯了A的错误并且句意不通
C犯了A的错误,so和so that在这里差异不大不是错误之处
D正确,因为to hike and bike的只能是人,但是前文没有出现过人,因此不能使用代词。
因此D
3. 全句的主语都没有出现具体的名词,一直是代词,而选项中的代词都有指代不明的问题,因此不能作为突破口。
这题的突破口在于全句的第二人称,you。一句话中不适合改变人称A、B、D都改变了人称。
因此C
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