SAT备考知识点推荐： SAT文法知识点第29期

一、Fragments句子碎片

1. 含义：

(1)句子成分的错误或缺失而需要改正的句子。

2. 类型：

(1)非谓语动词的误用

(2)从句的误用

3. 用法

(1)非谓语动词的误用：句中缺少谓语动词需要补齐。

例句1: Tom, a talented and smart boy, studying SAT. ❌

解析：本句中Tom是主语, a talented and smart boy是插入语修饰Tom, 而studying是非谓语动词，故本句中没有谓语动词。

如何修改呢?

可以将句中非谓语动词改为谓语动词，具体修改见例句2.

例句2: Tom, a talented and smart boy, studies SAT.

解析：本句中Tom是主语, a talented and smart boy是插入语修饰Tom, 这些与例句1一样，但例句1的studying改为了谓语动词studies，故本句主谓宾内容完整。

(2)从句的误用：句中只有从句，无主句谓语动词需要补齐。

例句3: Several of the forest fires that occurred last summer which were because people are careless. ❌

解析：本句中主语为several of the forest fires，that从句修饰主语，which从句修饰last summer，虽然because从句，但主句没有谓语动词。

如何修改呢?

可以修改句子，确保句中有主句的谓语动词，具体修改见例句4.

例句4: Several of the forest fires that occurred last summer were because of human’s carelessness.

解析：本句中主语为several of the forest fires，that从句修饰主语，这些与例句3一样，但本句中去掉了例句3中的which，were变为主句的谓语动词;同时例句3的because从句改为了because of+短语的形式，在本句中作表语。

题目检测

题目检测 1

Messi, one of the most talented and gifted soccer players in the world, won the champion of the 2022 FIFA World Cup.

A. NO CHANGE

B. world, winning

C. world, was winning

D. world, is winning

解析：通过非谓语动词看出是句子碎片的考点，根据“句中缺少谓语动词需要补齐”的原则，排除B项;而梅西赢得世界杯冠 军是过去已经发生的事，所以不能用过去进行时和现在进行时，故排除C和D项;而A项的won可以表达过去发生的事，所以选A。

题目检测 2

Mbappe, leading team France in the the 2022 FIFA World Cup, failing to defend the title in the final.

A. NO CHANGE

B. Cup, is failing

C. Cup, failed

D. Cup, will fail

解析：通过非谓语动词看出是句子碎片的考点，根据“句中缺少谓语动词需要补齐”的原则，排除A项;本句中Mbappe是主语，leading是插入语修饰主语;而蒙巴佩在决赛中没有成功卫冕冠 军是过去已经发生的事，所以不能用现在进行时和一般将来时，故排除B和D项;而C项的fail可以表达过去发生的事，所以选C。

题目检测 3

China, known as the fast growing countries in the world, which achieved their goals one by one because they followed their 5-year plans.

A. NO CHANGE

B. world, is achieved by

C. world, achieved

D. world, is achieving

解析：通过which从句看出是句子碎片的考点，根据“句中只有从句，无主句谓语动词需要补齐”的原则，排除A项;本句中China是主语，known as...world是插入语修饰主语，中国完成了目标是过去已经发生的事，所以不能用现在进行时，故排除D项;而完成目标是中国主动完成的动作，所以不能用被动，故排除B项;而C项的achieved可以表达已经完成的事，所以选C。

题目检测 4

After lost the final game of FIFA World Cup 2022, France fans riot in Paris after World Cup defeat as armed police pelt them with tear gas.

A. NO CHANGE

B. fans who riot

C. fans who is rioting

D. fans rioting

解析：通过who从句看出是句子碎片的考点，根据“句中只有从句，无主句谓语动词需要补齐”的原则，排除没有谓语动词的D项;本句中France fans是主语，who riot或者who is rioting都是从句，同时as后引导的也是从句，故主句没有谓语动词，故排除B和C项;而A项中after+短语，主语是France fans, riot是主句的谓语动词，as引导的是从句，故主从句内容完整，故选A。