雅思写作 :归纳梳理一下常见的语法错误
第1,不一致。
所谓不一致,不仅意味着主谓不一致,还包括数字不一致、时态不一致、代词不一致等。
例如:When one have money, he can do what he want to.
分析:one是第三人称单数,所以这句话的have应该改成has;want应该改成wants,这是典型的主谓不一致。
改为:When one has money, he can do what he wants (to do).
第二,句子不完整。
在英语口语中,交流双方可以通过手势语气来理解不完整的句子。然而,书面语言是不同的。句子结构不完整会使意思表达不清楚。这种情况经常发生在主句写完后,作者想添加一些补充说明。
例如:There are many ways to know the society. For example by TV, radio, newspaper and soon.
分析:这句话的后半部分“For example by TV, radio, newspaper and soon.”不是完整的句子,只是不一致的词,不能独立成句。
更改:There are many ways to know society, for example, by TV, radio, and newspaper.
第三,词性误用。
词性误用通常表现为:介词用作动词;形容词用作副词;名词用作动词等。
例如:None can negative the importance of money.
分析:negative形容词,误用动词。
改为:None can deny the importance of money.
第四,指代不清。
指代不清主要是指代词与被指代人或物之间的关系不清,或先后使用的代词不一致。
例如:Mary was friendly to my sister because she wanted her to be her bridesmaid.
读完以上这句话,读者无法清楚地判断两个女孩中谁将结婚,谁将成为伴娘。如果我们清楚地知道容易引起误解的代词所指的对象,意思一目了然。
改为:Mary was friendly to my sister because she wanted my sister to be her bridesmaid.
第五,不间断句子。
这种错误的出现受中文意识的影响很大。许多考生在写句子的时候缺乏有效的成分。甚至有些句子更中式。
例如:There are many ways we get to know the outside world.
分析:这句话包含两个完整的含义::“there are many ways”以及“we get to know the outside world”。简单地连接起来是不合适的。
改为:There are many ways for us to learn about the outside world. 或:There are many ways through which we can become acquainted with the outside world.
第六,措词毛病。
学生在写作中没有养成很好的推敲,而是考虑句子中选择的单词的习惯。大多数考生随意使用它们,所以作文中使用不当单词的错误随处可见。例如:The increasing use of chemical obstacles in agriculture also makes pollution.
分析:很明显,考生把obstacles障碍和障碍误认为是substance物质。
改为:The abusive use of chemical substances in agriculture also causes/leads to pollution.
第七,累赘。
没有多余的单词可以写句子;用不必要的句子可以写段落。不需要短语就可以使用单词;不需要从句或句子就可以使用短语。例如:In spite of the fact that he is lazy, I like him.
这个句子的the fact that he is lazy是同谓语从句,我们可以根据上面提到的可以使用短语的不需要从句改为:In spite of his laziness, I like him.
例如,For the people who are diligent and kind, money is just the thing to be used to buy the thing they need.等。
改为:Diligent people use money only to buy what they need.
看看上面这些典型的错误示范,你有没有中招?事实上,语法是很体现雅思基础的一部分,改进起来也比较简单,但会比较麻烦。即通过大量的练习,并通过其他人或教师的修改,将其中的错误逐一指出和记忆,并与自己保证千万不要再犯同样的错误!