2021年12月4日雅思考试阅读机经真题答案回忆【新航道版】

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READING

Passage 1

Topic:Face recognition

内容方面

A There are many features that define a person's identity, including facial features, clothing, hairs etc.

B. Facial features are often studied with photos, which is actually unscientific because the three-dimensional and two-dimensional are different.

C. People sometimes recognize the wrong person because there are some factors that affect facial recognition such as hair styles, clothes.

D Some situations require people to recall face features. For example, in criminal cases, when witnesses are required to identify criminals, they often ignore facial features, which are

very important such as eyes.

E It is uncertain whether a person who is beautiful or impressive is easier to remember. Different studies have different opinions.

F There is a certain connection between the overall facial features and personality traits.

G The relationship between the overall facial features and individual organs is complex.

H The disadvantage of the research is that it is not practical and does not explain how to remember human faces.

题目方面

1-4为刘断题

1. False

2. False

3. Not Given

4. True

5-10为匹配题

5. E
6.A
7. C
8. D
9. F
10. H

11-13为多选题

11. A

12. E

13.F

Passage2

Topic：Children's literature

A Stories and poems aimed at childrenr have a exceedingly long histry: llabies, for example, were sung in Roman times, and a tew nursery games and rthymes are almost as ancient. Yet So far a witen-down lterature is concerned, while there a were stories in print before 1700 that children often seied on when they had the chance, such as translations of Aesop's fables, fainy-stories and popular bllads and romances. these were not aimed at young people in particular. Since the only genuinely child-oriented literature at this time would have genuinely child-oriented. literature at this time would have been a few instructional works to help with reading and general knowledge, plus the odd Puritanical tract s an aid to morality. the conly course for keen child readers: was to read adult lterature.

This stll occurs today, especlally with adut thillerse or romances that inelude more exciting,graphie detall than ls nomally found In the iterature for younger readers.

B By the middle of the 18h centuiry there were enough eager child readers, and enough parents glad to cater to this interest, for publishers to specialize in children's books whose

first aim was pleasure rather than education or morality. In Britain a London merchant named Thomas Boreham produced Cajanus, The Swedish Gliant in 1742, whlle the more famous John Newbery published A Lite Pretty Pocket Bock in 1744. Its contente - rhymes, stores, children's games plus a free git (A ball and a pincushion') -in many ways anticlpated the similar lucky dip contents of children's annuals this century. It is a tibute to Newbery's flair that he hit upon a winning formula quite so quickly, to be pirated almost immediately in America.

C Such pleasing levity was not to last. Infuenced by Russeau, whose Emile (1762) decreed that all books for children save Robinson Crusoe were a dangerous diversion, contemporary crties saw to it that childrn's literature should be instructive and ulting.

Prominent among such woices was Mrs. Sarah Timmer, whose magazine The Guardian of Education (1802) carried the frst regular reviews of children's books. It was she who condemined finyrtales for their violence and general absurdity, her own stories, Fabulous Histories (1785) descnibed tlking animals who were always models of sense and decorum.

D So the moral story for children was always threatened from within. given the way children have of drawing out entertainment from the sternest moralist. But the greatest blow to the

improving children's book was to come from an unlikely source indeed: warly 19th-century interest in folk-lore. Both nursery rhymes, selected by James Orchard Hllwel for a flklore society in 1842, and collection of falry-storles by the scholartly Grimm brothers, swittly translated Into English In 1823,soon rocket to popularity with the young, quickly leading to new editions, each one more child-centered than the last. From now on younger children could expect sories witlen for their particular interest and with the needs of their owm limited experience of life kept well to the fore.

E What eventually determined the reading of older childrern was often not the ailability of special children's literature as such bul access to books that contained characters, such as young people or animals, with whom chey could more easily empathize, or action, such 5 exploring or fighting.

that made few demands on adult maturity or understanding.

F The final apotheosis of lterary childhood as something to be protected from unpleasant reality came with the arrival in the late 1930s of child-centered bes-sellers intent on entertainment at its most escapist. In Britain novelist such as Enid Blyton and Richmal Crompton described children

who were always free to have the most unlikely adventures, secure in the knowledge that nothing, bad could ever happen to them in the end. The fact that wer broke out again during

her books' greatest popularity fils to register at all in the self- enclosed world inhabited by Enid Blyton's young characters. Reaction against such dream- worlds was inevitable alter

World WWar I. coinciding wifth the growth of paperback sales, children's librarics and a new spirit of moral and social concern. Urged on by comitted publishers and progressive

librarians, writers slowly began to explore new areas of interes while also shiting the ettings of thelr plots from the mddl-class world to which their chetly adult patrons had

always prevlously belonged.

G Critical emphasis, during this development, has been divided. For some the most important task was to rid children's books of the social prejudice and exclusiveness no longer found

aceptable.

H Others concentrated more on the positive achievements of contemporary children's literature.

That writers of these works are now often recommended to the atentions of adult as well as child readers echoes the 19th-century belief that children's literature can be shared by the

generations, rather than being a defensive barrier between childhood and the necessary growth towards adult understanding.

题目方面

14-18为表格填空题

14. stories_.

15. America

16. foklore

17. tainy-stories.

18. adventures

19-21匹配题

19.C

20. A

21.E

22-26为判断题

22 Children didn't start to read books until 1700.

23 Sarah Trimmer believed that children's books should set good examples.

24 Parents were concermed about the violence in children's books.

25 An interest in the folklore changed the direction of the development of children's books.

26 Today children's book writers believe their works should appeal to both children and adults.

22 FALE

23 TRUE

24 NOT GIVEN

25 TRUE

26 TRUE

 

Passage 3

Topic：Honey Bees in Trouble

I Honey Bees in Trouble

Can native pollinators fill the gap?

Recently, ominous headlines have described a mysterious ailment, colony collapse disorder (CCD), which is wiping out the honeybees that pllinate many crops. Without honeybees,

the story goes, fields will be sterile, economies wil collapse, and food will be scarce. But what few accounts acknowledge is that whafs at risk is not itself a natural state of affairs.

For one thing, in the United States, where CCD was first reported and has had its greatest impacts, honhoneybees are not a native species. Pollination in modem agriculture isn't

alchemy, ifs industry. The total number of hives involved in the u.S. pllination industry has been somewhere between 2.5 milion and 3 million in recent years. Meanwhile, American

farmers began using large quantitles of organophosphate insecticides, planted large-scale crop monocultures, and adopted "clean farming., practices that scrubbed native vegetation

from field margins and roadsides. These practices klled many native bees outright they're a vulnerable to insecticides as any agricultural pest 一and made the agricultural landscape inhospitable to those that remained. Concern about these practices and their effects on pllinators isn't new, in her 1962 ecological alarm cry Silent Spring，Rachel Carson warned of a Truitless Fall* that could result from the ( disappearance of insect pollinators.

If that 'Fruitless Fair has not一yet 一occurred, it may be largely thanks to the honeybee, which farmers turned to as the ability of wild pllinators to service crops declined. The

honeybee has been semi-domesticated since the time of the ancient Egyptians, but it wasn't just familiaity that determined this choice: the bees' biology is in many ways suited to the

kind of agricultural system that was emerging. For example, honeybee hives can be closed up and moved out of the way when pesticides are aplied to a field. The bees are generalist

pollinators, so they can be used to pllinate many dfferent crops. And although they are not the most eficient pollinator of every crop, honeybees have strength in numbers, with 20,000

to 100.000 bees living in a single hive. <4Without a doubt, if there was one bee you wanted for agriculture, it would be the honeybee,M says Jim Cane, of the U.S. Department of

Agriculture, The honeybee, in other words, has become a crucial cog in the modem system of industrial agriculture. That system delivers more food, and more kinds of it, to more

places, more cheaply than ever before. But that system is also vulnerable, because making a farm field into the photosynthetic equivalent of a factory floor, and pollination into a series

of continent-long assembly lines, also leaches out some of the resilience characteristic natural ecosystems.

Breno Freitisa, a agronomist in Brail, pointed out that in nature such a high degree of spelalsation usually is a very dangerous game: it works well while all the rest Is in eulbrium, but runs quickly to extintion at the least disbalance. In efect, by developing an agicultural system that is heavily rliant on a single pllinator species, we humans have become riskily overspecialized. And when the human-honeybee relationship is disrupted, as it has been by colony ollapses disorder, the vulnerability of that griulural system begins to become clear.

In fact, a few wild bees are aleady being sucesstully managed for crop pllination. "The problem Is trying to provide native bees in adequate numbers on a ellable basls in a fairty

short number of years In order to service the crop," Jim Cane says, "You're talklng mllons of flowers per acre in a two-to three-week time frame, or less, for a lot of crops." On the other

hand, native bees can be much more eficient pllinators of certain crops than honeybees.

s0 you don't need as many to do the job. For example, about 750 blue orchard bees (Osmia lignaria) can pllinate a heetare of apples or almonds,确task that would require roughIy 50.000 to 150,000 honeybees. There are bee tinker- ers engaged in similar work in many comers of the wordl, In Brazil, Breno Freitas has found that Centis tarsata, the native pollinator of wild cashew, can survive in commercial cashew orchards if growers provide a source of floral lls, such as by inter planting their cashew tes with Caribbean cherry.

In certain placee, native beee may already be doing more than they're geting credit for. Ecolgist Rachae! Winfree recenty led a team that looked at pllination of four summer crops

(tomato, watermelon. peppers, and muskmelon) at 29 farms in the region of New Jersey and Pennsylvania. Winfree's team identifed 54 species of wild bees that visted these crops, and

found that wild bees were the most Importans Pllinators in the system: even though managed honeybees were present on many of the farms, wild bees were responsible tor 62 percent of flower visits in the study. In another studty focusing speifcally on watermelon,Winfree and her clleagues cakculated that native bees alone could provide sfficient pollination at 90 percent of the 23 farms studied. By contrast, honeybees alone could provide sufcient pllination at only 78 percent of farms.

"The region I work in is not typical of the way most food is produced.M Winfree admits. In the Delaware Valley. most farms and farm fielde are rlatively emall, each farmer tpically grows

a variety of crops, and farms are interspersed with suburbs and other types of land use which means there are opportunities for homeowners to get involved in bee conservation,

too. The landscape is a bee-triendly patchwork that provides a variety of nesting habitat and floral resources distributed among dfferent kinds of crops, weedy feld margins, tal low fiekds,suburban neighborhoods, and semi natural habitat like old woodlots, all at a relalively small scale. In other words, 4-pollinator- friendly,, faming practices would not only aid pollination of agrcutural crops, but also serve as a key element in the ower all eonservatlon strategy ftr wild pllinators, and often aid other wild species as well, Of course, not all farmers will be able to implement all of these practices. And researchers are suggesting a shit to a kind of polyglot agricultural system. For some small-scale farms, native bees may indeed be all thal's needed. For larger operations, a suite of managed bees with honeybees fling the generalst role and other, native bees pllinating specilie crops could be augmented by free pllination services from resurgent wild pllinator. In other words, theySre saying, we stll have an opportunity to replace a risky monoculture with something diverse, resilienii and robust.

题目方面

27-30为判断题

27. In the United States, farmers use honeybees in a large scale over the past few years.YES

28. Clean fanning pracices would be harmful to farmers9 health.NOT GIVEN

29. The blue orchard bee 8 the most eicient pllinator for every crop. NO

30. It is benefcial to cther local creatures to protect native bees,YES

31-35为选择题

31. The example of the "Fruitless Fall5 underlines the writer's polnt about

A needs for using pesticides.

B impacts of losing insect pollinators.

C vulnrabilities of native bees.

D benefite in building more pllination industries.

 

32 Why can honeybees adapt to the modem agriculural system?

A The honeybes can pllinated more crops efriently.

B The bees are seml-domesticated since ancient times.

C Honeybee hlves can be protected from pestlcldes.

D The ability of wild pllinators using to serve crops declines.

 

33 The writer mentions factories and assembly lines to ilustrate

A one drawback of the industrialized agricultural system.

B a low cost in modem aricullure.

C the role of honeybees in pllination.

D what a high yield of industrial agriculture.

 

34 In the 6th paragraph, Winfree experiment proves that

A honeybees can pllinate various crops.

B there are many types of wild bees as the pllinators.

c wild bees can increase the yield to a higher percentage.

D wild bees work more flicinlly a站a pllinalor than honeybees in certain

 

35 What does the writer want to suggest in the last paragraph?

A the importance of honeybees in pllination

B the adoption of different bees in various sizes of agricultural system

C the comparison between the intensive and the rarefied agricultural system

D the reason why farmers can rely on native pollinators

 

36-40为匹配题

36. Headlines of colony collapse disorder state that B

37. Viewpoints of Freitas manifest that F

38. Examples of blue orchard bees have shown that E

39. Centris tarsata is mentioned to exemplify that A

40. One finding of the research in Delaware Valley is that D

A. native pollinators can survive when a specific plant is supplied.

B. it would cause severe consequences to both commerce and agriculture.

C. honeybees can not be bred.

D. some agricultural landscapes are favourable in supporting wild bees.

E. a large scale of honeybees are needed to pollinate.

F. an agricultural system is fragile when relying on a single pollinator,