雅思写作10类逻辑错误总结
新航道雅思为大家整理了雅思写作逻辑错误总结,供考生们参考。中国考生雅思写作分数一直不高其中最主要的原因之一是逻辑问题,考生在雅思写作中常犯一些低级的逻辑错误,也有部分考生文章整体的语言和语法都还不错,但是逻辑结构不是很严密,因而拿不到高分,那么中国考生常犯的雅思写作逻辑错误有哪些呢?
作为普通的“烤鸭”来说,又应该如何在有限的备考时间内锻炼基本思维和逻辑呢?
首先,了解基本逻辑,避免常见错误。
其次,关注社会现象,积累基本常识。
最后,浏览往年考题,多做提纲训练。
了解基本逻辑,避免常见错误
要了解基本逻辑错误一定不能错过一篇英文小品文Love Is A Fallacy(作者Max Shulman),这里仅列举出十种最常见的逻辑错误。
1.草率前提 (Dicto Simpliciter)
例如:Women are on average not as strong as men and less able to perform well politically. Therefore, women can't pull their weight in government work.
点评:虽然女性确实在政界担任较少工作,但这不意味着女性群体中所有的人都是这样。
2.过度概化 (Hasty Generalization)
例如:McDonald's and KFC offer foods with little nutrition, and thus we cannot expect any fast food restaurant to provide us with nutritious foods.
点评:两个个例不足以推出一个真理。
3.因果颠倒 (Post Hoc)
例如:Most young criminals watch violent movies before they commit their crimes; obviously, violent movies lead to juvenile delinquency.
点评:甲事情发生在乙事情之前,这并不代表着先发生的甲事情就是后发生的乙事情的原因。
4.感性论证 (Ad Misericordiam)
例如:Think of all the poor, starving African children! How could rich countries be so cruel as not to help them?
点评:抒情是不能当作论证的。
5.矛盾前提 (Contradictory Premises)
例如:If God can do everything, can he make a stone so heavy that he can't carry?
点评:前提条件中就有相互矛盾的地方,结论当然是错误的。
6.错误类比 (False Analogy)
例如:Young children are like flowers---flowers should stay away from terrible weather to grow, so children need to get rid of everything negative.
点评:孩子和花朵的区别太大。成长的过程也太复杂。不要用这两者来类比。
7.虚假假设 (Hypothesis Contrary to Fact)
例如:If TV were not invented, today people would never have such wonderful entertainment brought by TV.
点评:因为电视已经被发明了,对于过去的否定假设后所得出的结论都是逻辑上的错误结论。
8.无关转移 (Red Herring)
例如:Many people say we need to exploit the outer space, a point which I believe is wrong, because there are so many poor people on Earth who hardly make ends meet.
点评:有一个问题没解决并不代表着另一个问题不值得解决。
9.从众错误 (Bandwagon)
例如:Everyone says it is justified to learn a second language so we must learn one.
点评:人人都说,或者大多数都说,这并不意味着该观点正确。
10.滑坡谬误 (Slippery slope)
例如:If we don't care about the environment, the world will die in 50 years.
点评:从环境问题到世界灭亡,中间有无数环节未提供论证。
以上就十类常见雅思写作逻辑错误。上海新航道学校提供专业的雅思培训,助广大学员成功踏上英语学习之路,“用英语点亮人生”。更多关于怎样提高雅思能力的问题可在线咨询或留言。