雅思听力同义词替换和地名
发布时间：2013-10-15 00:00
在雅思听力题中，我们经常会跳进了考官所给考生下的套，我们俗称“陷阱”。因为考官深深知道考生的弱点在哪里，知道考生最容易犯的错误在哪里，而最令人费解的就是考官把这些地方用很好的方式包装起来，让考生不太容易发现，所以就导致了，“尽管是陷阱，但是我们还是义无反顾的跳了进去”。因此我们必须紧抓考官用什么样的方式去包装这些陷阱，这样我们才不会上当。
在雅思听力题中，我们要熟知这四大经典陷阱：1. 替换陷阱;2. 变“意”陷阱;3. 乱序陷阱;4. “听风就是雨”陷阱。接下来，我们要着重探讨替换陷阱。
在雅思听力考试中，替换陷阱在每套题中都会频繁出现，因此是出现频率的陷阱之一。所谓的替换，顾名思义，就是把一些词给替换掉了，考试中我们所听到的录音和题目虽然在意思上保持着一致性，但是表达方式上却不大相同。出现在题目中的关键词和词组不会在你听到的录音中直接出现，而是以同义或者是近义的表达来替换出现，这样就给考生在定位题目关键词造成了障碍。考官设置这样一个陷阱，即考了我们的听感，又考了我们的理解能力。 我们一定要熟悉考官设置替换的规律。
1. 同义词和近义词的替换
例如：pressure和stress之间的替换
city和urban，town之间的替换
but替换however，whereas等等
2. 同义词组的替换来源：
例如：cope with替换deal with
due to替换because of
make up one’s mind替换make a decision 等等
3. 主动与被动说法的替换
例如：Population shift has caused this pressure. 换成This pressure has been caused by population shift.
4. 相近句式的替换
例如：Movie times can not be changed.也可以这样说，No changes should be made to movie times.
5. 加减关系的逻辑替换
例如：某题原文为Er, the bottles made in most places contain about three-quarters new glass and the rest is recycled.
该题题干为Most bottle makers use about __% recycled glass.
用总数1减去3/4得1/4，再转换成百分数即得答案，正确答案为25%
总之，大家一定记住，动词和形容词的替换规律最多，名词最少。因此我们在录音中不要只等待题目中的关键词出现，对于其替换词也要比较敏感，因此扩大词汇量有利于从根本上提高我们的英语能力。
常见同义词替换：
1、解决：Solve, deal with, cope with, handle, resolve, address, tackle
2、损害：Damage, hurt, injure, harm, impair, undermine, jeopardize
3、给与：Give, offer, render, impart, provide, supply, afford
4、培养：Develop, cultivate, foster
5、优势：Advantage, merit, virtue, benefit, upside, strength
6、缺陷：Disadvantage, demerit, drawback, downside, weakness
7、使迷惑：Puzzle, bewilder, perplex, baffle
8、重要的：Key, crucial, critical, important, significant, vital, substantial, indispensable, imperative
9、认为：Think, believe, insist, maintain, assert, conclude, deem, hold, argue, be convinced, be firmly convinced, be fully convinced
10、保护：Protect, conserve, preserve
11、确保：Assure, ensure, guarantee, pledge
12、有害的：Bad, baneful evil, harmful, detrimental
13、要求：Request, demand, needs, requisition
14、消除：Eliminate, clear, remove, clear up, take away, smooth away
15、导致：Lead to, bring about, result in, cause, spark off, conduce to, procure, induce, generate
16、因此：So, therefore, thus, hence, consequently, as a consequence, accordingly, as a result, because of this, as a result of this
17、增长至：Grow to, rise to, increase to, go up to, climb to, ascend to, jump to, shoot to
18、降低至：Dip to, fall to, decline to, decrease to, drop to, go down to, reduce to, slump to, descend to, sink to, slide to
19、保持稳定：Level out, do not change, remain stable, remain still, remain steady, be stable, maintain the same level, remain unchanged, be still, remain the same level, stay constant, keep at the same level, level off, stabilize, keep its stability, even out
20、急剧地：Dramatically, drastically, sharply, hugely, enormously, steeply, substantially, considerably, significantly, markedly, surprisingly, strikingly, radically, remarkably, vastly, noticeably
21、平稳地：Steadily, smoothly, slightly, slowly, marginally, gradually, moderately, mildly
22、宣称：Allege, assert, declare, claim
23、发生：Happen, occur, take place
24、原因：Reason, factor, cause
25、发展：Development, advance, progress
26、有益的：Useful, helpful, beneficial, profitable, rewarding, advantageous
27、影响：Influence, impact, effect
28、明显的：Clear, obvious, evident, self-evident, manifest, apparent, crystal-clear
29、占：Comprise, take up, account for, constitute, consist of, make up, occupy, hold, compose
30、与…相比：Compared with, compared to, in comparison with, in comparison to, by comparison with, by comparison to
31、对比而言：By contrast, in contrast, on the other hand, on the contrary, conversely
32、展示：Show, reveal, illustrate, demonstrate, depict, present, represent, describe
33、大约：Approximately, almost, about, around, nearly, roughly
34、波动：Fluctuate, go ups and downs, display a fluctuation, demonstrate a fluctuation
35、事实上：Practically, in practice, essentially, in essence, in reality, in effect, in fact, as a matter of fact, it is a fact that
36、换言之：Namely, that is to say, in other words, to put it like this, to put it differently, to put it from another way, to put it from another angle
常见地名
一、U.K. /the United Kingdom/Great Britain 英国(大不列颠)
London 伦敦 England 英格兰
Liverpool 利物浦 Manchester 曼彻斯特
Sheffield 谢菲尔德 Birmingham 伯明翰
Coventry 考文垂 Leeds 利兹
Scotland 苏格兰 Glasgow 格拉斯哥
Edinburgh 爱丁堡 Wales 威尔士
Cardiff 加的夫 North Ireland 北爱尔兰
Belfast 贝尔法斯特
二、Ireland 爱尔兰
Dublin 都柏林
三、Australia 澳大利亚
Canberra 堪培拉 Queensland 昆士兰州
Brisbane 布里斯班 New South Wales 新南威尔士州
Sydney 悉尼 South Australia 南澳大利亚州
Adelaide 阿德莱德 Victoria 维多利亚州
Melbourne 墨尔本 Western Australia 西澳大利亚州
Perth 珀斯
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