剑桥雅思17 Test1 Passage2阅读原文及答案解析

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1剑桥雅思17 Test1 Passage2阅读原文

A部分

Stadiums are among the oldest forms of urban architecture: vast stadiums where the public could watch sporting events were at the centre of western city life as far back as the ancient Greek and Roman Empires, well before the construction of the great medieval cathedrals and the grand 19th- and 20th-century railway stations which dominated urban skylines in later eras.

Today, however, stadiums are regarded with growing scepticism. Construction costs can soar above £1 billion, and stadiums finished for major events such as the Olympic Games or the FIFA World Cup have notably fallen into disuse and disrepair.

But this need not be the case. History shows that stadiums can drive urban development and adapt to the culture of every age. Even today, architects and planners are finding new ways to adapt the mono-functional sports arenas which became emblematic of modernisation during the 20th century.

B部分

The amphitheatre of Arles in southwest France, with a capacity of 25,000 spectators, is perhaps the best example of just how versatile stadiums can be. Built by the Romans in 90 AD, it became a fortress with four towers after the fifth century, and was then transformed into a village containing more than 200 houses. With the growing interest in conservation during the 19th century, it was converted back into an arena for the staging of bullfights, thereby returning the structure to its original use as a venue for public spectacles.

Another example is the imposing arena of Verona in northern Italy, with space for 30,000 spectators, which was built 60 years before the Arles amphitheatre and 40 years before Rome’s famous Colosseum. It has endured the centuries and is currently considered one of the world’s prime sites for opera, thanks to its outstanding acoustics.

C部分

The area in the centre of the Italian town of Lucca, known as the Piazza dell’Anfiteatro, is yet another impressive example of an amphitheatre becoming absorbed into the fabric of the city. The site evolved in a similar way to Arles and was progressively filled with buildings from the Middle Ages until the 19th century, variously used as houses, a salt depot and a prison. But rather than reverting to an arena, it became a market square, designed by Romanticist architect Lorenzo Nottolini. Today, the ruins of the amphitheatre remain embedded in the various shops and residences surrounding the public square.

D部分

There are many similarities between modern stadiums and the ancient amphitheatres intended for games. But some of the flexibility was lost at the beginning of the 20th century, as stadiums were developed using new products such as steel and reinforced concrete, and made use of bright lights for night-time matches.

Many such stadiums are situated in suburban areas, designed for sporting use only and surrounded by parking lots. These factors mean that they may not be as accessible to the general public, require more energy to run and contribute to urban heat.

E部分

But many of today’s most innovative architects see scope for the stadium to help improve the city. Among the current strategies, two seem to be having particular success: the stadium as an urban hub, and as a power plant.

There’s a growing trend for stadiums to be equipped with public spaces and services that serve a function beyond sport, such as hotels, retail outlets, conference centres, restaurants and bars, children’s playgrounds and green space. Creating mixed-use developments such as this reinforces compactness and multi-functionality, making more efficient use of land and helping to regenerate urban spaces.

This opens the space up to families and a wider cross-section of society, instead of catering only to sportspeople and supporters. There have been many examples of this in the UK: the mixed-use facilities at Wembley and Old Trafford have become a blueprint for many other stadiums in the world.

F部分

The phenomenon of stadiums as power stations has arisen from the idea that energy problems can be overcome by integrating interconnected buildings by means of a smart grid, which is an electricity supply network that uses digital communications technology to detect and react to local changes in usage, without significant energy losses. This article is from laokaoya website. Stadiums are ideal for these purposes, because their canopies have a large surface area for fitting photovoltaic panels and rise high enough (more than 40 metres) to make use of micro wind turbines.

Freiburg Mage Solar Stadium in Germany is the first of a new wave of stadiums as power plants, which also includes the Amsterdam Arena and the Kaohsiung Stadium. The latter, inaugurated in 2009, has 8,844 photovoltaic panels producing up to 1.14 GWh of electricity annually. This reduces the annual output of carbon dioxide by 660 tons and supplies up to 80 percent of the surrounding area when the stadium is not in use. This is proof that a stadium can serve its city, and have a decidedly positive impact in terms of reduction of CO2 emissions.

G部分

Sporting arenas have always been central to the life and culture of cities. In every era, the stadium has acquired new value and uses: from military fortress to residential village, public space to theatre and most recently a field for experimentation in advanced engineering. The stadium of today now brings together multiple functions, thus helping cities to create a sustainable future.

2剑桥雅思17 Test1 Passage2阅读答案解析

第14题答案：A

对应原文：A部分第2段：Today, however, stadiums are regarded with growing scepticism.

答案解析：文章一开始就提到了目前体育场馆所存在的问题。A部分第2段的这句话，scepticism对应题干中的negative attitudes，其他基本上都是原词，由此确定答案为A。

第15题答案：F

对应原文：F部分第2段：This (Kaohsiung Stadium) reduces the annual output of carbon dioxide by 660 tons

答案解析：原文提到了好几个运动场馆的例子，但只有高雄体育场这里有具体数字。660吨对应题干中的figures，carbon dioxide对应envriomental，由此确定F为正确答案。

第16题答案：E

对应原文：E部分第2段：There’s a growing trend for stadiums to be equipped with public spaces and services that serve a function beyond sport, such as hotels, retail outlets, conference centres, restaurants and bars, children’s playgrounds and green space.

答案解析：E部分第二段中，酒店、零售商店、会议中心、饭店和酒吧、儿童娱乐场地与公园都可以对应题干中的the wide range of facilities，由此确定其为正确答案。

第17题答案：D

对应原文：D部分第1段：But some of the flexibility was lost at the beginning of the 20th century

D部分第2段：These factors mean that they may not be as accessible to the general public, require more energy to run and contribute to urban heat.

答案解析：D部分的这两段话都提到了20世纪所修建的体育场馆存在的问题，如灵活性缺失，公众不便前往，需要大量的电力来运营，并加剧城市热岛效应等。后面这些问题对应题干中的disadvantages，而20世纪则对应certain era，由此确定D为正确答案。

第18题答案：fortress

对应原文：B部分第1段：Built by the Romans in 90 AD, this article is from laokaoya website, it became a fortress with four towers after the fifth century

答案解析：根据amphithearter of Arles定位到B部分，converted与became同义替换，虽然原文提到了后续的许多用途，但题干中有first的限定，由此确定fortress为正确答案。

第19题答案：bullfights

对应原文：B部分第1段：With the growing interest in conservation during the 19th century, it was converted back into an arena for the staging of bullfights

答案解析：顺着上一题往下，根据arena定位到这句话。虽然空前提示词watch在原文中没有很明显的对应，但由它可以猜测出空上应该填某种节目或者比赛，因此确定bullfights为正确答案。

第20题答案：opera

对应原文：B部分第2段：It has endured the centuries and is currently considered one of the world’s prime sites for opera, thanks to its outstanding acoustics.

答案解析：根据currently与today的对应定位到这句话，venue与sites同义替换，再加上空后perform提示大家答案应该是某种表演，由此锁定opera。

第21题答案：salt

对应原文：C部分：The site evolved in a similar way to Arles and was progressively filled with buildings from the Middle Ages until the 19th century, variously used as houses, a salt depot and a prison.

答案解析：根据Lucca这一名称定位到C部分的第1段，空前提示词storage与depot同义替换，由修饰关系确定salt为正确答案。

第22题答案：shops

对应原文：C部分：Today, the ruins of the amphitheatre remain embedded in the various shops and residences surrounding the public square.

答案解析：顺着上一题往下，根据now与today的对应定位到这句话。答案应该与homes存在并列关系，而homes又在原文中跟residences同义替换，由此锁定shops。

第23题答案：C

对应原文：D部分第2段：Many such stadiums are situated in suburban areas … they may not be as accessible to the general public

答案解析：D部分提到，20世纪许多运动场馆位于城市郊区，公众不便前往。C选项less convenient locations是对这一描述的总结概括，由此确定其为正确答案。

第24题答案：D

对应原文：D部分第1段：But some of the flexibility was lost at the beginning of the 20th century

答案解析：D部分第1段提到，20世纪初期，一些体育场馆丧失了灵活性。D选项versatile对应flexibility，less对应lost，由此确定其为正确答案。文章来自老烤鸭雅思。A选项和B选项在原文中找不到对应。而E选项则跟现代体育场馆使用钢筋混凝土这一描述不符，因此通通排除。

第25题答案：B

对应原文：E部分第3段：This opens the space up to families and a wider cross-section of society

答案解析：E部分提到，现代体育场馆配备了各种服务和功能，对家庭和更广阔的社会群体开放。选项中能够与此对应的只有community life，由此确定B为正确答案。

第26题答案：E

对应原文：F部分第1段：Stadiums are ideal for these purposes, because their canopies have a large surface area for fitting photovoltaic panels and rise high enough (more than 40 metres) to make use of micro wind turbines.

答案解析：F部分提到，体育场馆的天蓬也可以用来安装光电池板和微型风力涡轮机。E选项中的installation对应fitting，renewable power generators对应photovoltaic panels和micro wind turbines，由此确定其为正确答案。A选项错在improved amenities(其附属设施并不是为了提升观赛感受而设置的)，C选项中的research和D选项中的reduce their consumption of electricity都属于无中生有，因此通通排除。