剑桥雅思17Test1听力part4原文及答案解析

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1剑桥雅思17Test1听力part4雅思听力原文

Labyrinths have existed for well over 4,000 years. Labyrinths and labyrinthine symbols have been found in regions as diverse as modern-day Turkey, Ireland, Greece, and India. There are various designs of labyrinth but what they all have in common is a winding spiral path which leads to a central area. There is one starting point at the entrance and the goal is to reach the central area. Finding your way through a labyrinth involves many twists and turns, but it’s not possible to get lost as there is only one single path.

In modern times, the word labyrinth has taken on a different meaning and is often used as a synonym for a maze. A maze is quite different as it is a kind of puzzle (Q31) with an intricate network of paths. Mazes became fashionable in the 15th and 16th centuries in Europe, and can still be found in the gardens of great houses and palaces. The paths are usually surrounded by thick, high hedges so that it’s not possible to see over them. Entering a maze usually involves getting lost a few times before using logic (Q32) to work out the pattern and find your way to the centre and then out again. There are lots of dead ends and paths which lead you back to where you started. The word ‘maze’ is believed to come from a Scandinavian word for a state of confusion (Q33). This is where the word ‘amazing’ comes from.

Labyrinths, on the other hand, have a very different function. Although people now often refer to things they find complicated as labyrinths, this is not how they were seen in the past. The winding spiral of the labyrinth has been used for centuries as a metaphor for life’s journey. It served as a spiritual reminder that there is purpose and meaning to our lives and helped to give people a sense of direction. Labyrinths are thought to encourage a feeling of calm and have been used as a meditation (Q34) and prayer tool in many cultures over many centuries.

The earliest examples of the labyrinth spiral pattern have been found carved into stone (Q35), from Sardinia to Scandinavia, from Arizona to India to Africa. In Europe, these spiral carvings date from the late Bronze Age. The Native American Pima tribe wove baskets with a circular labyrinth design that depicted their own cosmology. In Ancient Greece, the labyrinth spiral was used on coins (Q36) around four thousand years ago. Labyrinths made of mosaics were commonly found in bathhouses, villas and tombs throughout the Roman Empire.

In Northern Europe, there were actual physical labyrinths designed for walking on. These were cut into the turf or grass, usually in a circular pattern. The origin of these walking labyrinths remains unclear, but they were probably used for fertility rites which may date back thousands of years. Eleven examples of turf labyrinths survive today, including the largest one at Saffron Walden, England, which used to have a large tree (Q37) in the middle of it.

More recently labyrinths have experienced something of a revival. Some believe that walking a labyrinth promotes healing and mindfulness, and there are those who believe in its emotional and physical benefits, which include slower breathing (Q38) and a restored sense of balance and perspective. This idea has become so popular that labyrinths have been laid into the floors of spas, wellness centres and even prisons in recent years.

A pamphlet at Colorado Children’s Hospital informs patients that ‘walking a labyrinth can often calm people in the midst of a crisis’. And apparently, it’s not only patients who benefit. Many visitors find walking a labyrinth less stressful than sitting in a corridor or waiting room. Some doctors even walk the labyrinth during their breaks. In some hospitals, patients who can’t walk can have a paper (Q39) ‘finger labyrinth’ brought to their bed. The science behind the theory is a little sketchy, but there are dozens of small-scale studies which support claims about the benefits of labyrinths. For example, one study found that walking a labyrinth provided ‘short-term calming, relaxation, and relief from anxiety (Q40)’ for Alzheimer’s patients.

So, what is it about labyrinths that makes their appeal so universal? Well …

2剑桥雅思17Test1听力Part4答案解析 Labyrinths

第31题答案：puzzle

对应原文： A maze is quite different as it is a kind of puzzle with an intricate network of paths.

答案解析：听到maze意识到答案即将到来，空前修饰词a type of与a kind of同义替换，根据修饰关系，确定puzzle为正确答案。

第32题答案：logic

对应原文：Entering a maze usually involves getting lost a few times before using logic to work out the pattern

答案解析：这道题的难点在于没有明确的关键词老烤鸭提示大家答案即将到来，只能跟着录音的节奏走。随后通过needed与using的对应，以及词性和句义才能比较肯定logic为正确答案。

第33题答案：confusion

对应原文：The word ‘maze’ is believed to come from a Scandinavian word for a state of confusion

答案解析：word和maze都可以提示大家答案即将到来。空前修饰词a feeling of对应a sate of，根据所有格，确定答案为confusion。

第34题答案：meditation

对应原文：Labyrinths are thought to encourage a feeling of calm and have been used as a meditation and prayer tool

答案解析：从题干可以看出，空与prayer并列，因此听得时候我们注意去寻找并列关系即可。虽然prayer出现在答案之后，但中间就隔了一个and，还是很容易回想到meditation的。

第35题答案：stone

对应原文：The earliest examples of the labyrinth spiral pattern have been found carved into stone

答案解析：这道题的难点在于出其不意。小标题老烤鸭雅思刚说完就提到了答案，但只要大家注意力够集中，根据carved很容易锁定stone。

第36题答案：coins

对应原文：In Ancient Greece, the labyrinth spiral was used on coins around four thousand years ago.

答案解析：听到Ancient Greece意识到答案即将到来，空前介词on没有任何变化，可以很容易锁定coins。

第37题答案：tree

对应原文：Eleven examples of turf labyrinths survive today, including the largest one at Saffron Walden, England, which used to have a large tree in the middle of it.

答案解析：Largest提到大家答案即将到来，空前修饰词big与large同义替换，空后at its center对应In the middle of it，由此确定tree为正确答案。

第38题答案：breathing

对应原文：there are those who believe in its emotional and physical benefits, which include slower breathing and a restored sense of balance and perspective

答案解析：physical提示大家答案即将到来，录音中slower与题干上reduce … rate对应，由此确定答案为breathing。

第39题答案：paper

对应原文：In some hospitals, patients who can’t walk can have a paper ‘finger labyrinth’ brought to their bed.

答案解析：听到hospitals和patients意识到答案即将到来，从空前词made from可以推测出空上应该填某种材料，由此确定答案为paper。

第40题答案：anxiety

对应原文：one study found that walking a labyrinth provided ‘short-term calming, relaxation, and relief from anxiety’ for Alzheimer’s patients.

答案解析：根据study与research的对应定位到这句话，空前词less与relief对应，由修饰关系确定答案为anxiety。