剑10test2雅思听力Section4答案及解析
剑10test2雅思听力Section 4解析
● 谈话场景：专题讲座场景
● 人物关系：教授
● 谈话话题：未来管理学
交际与语言表达
1. 本篇是一位教授进行的关于管理学方面的一段独白。首句为“I’ve been talking to managers in a number of businesses, and reading surveys about the future of management.(我跟许多公司的经理交流过，并且读了许多关于未来管理方面的调查报告。)”这里用的时态是现在完成时行时have been doing，表示从过去某时开始一直持续到现在的动作，并且还将持续下去。
2. 接下来，讲了商业市场活动的三个方面的改变。“One area ... is business markets(商业市场)... At the same time, mergers and takeovers(合并与收购)... Athird point...demand(需求)...”。
3. We can probably all think of companies that exert a great deal of influence, which may be good for consumers.其中“think of’ 意为“想到”;“a great deal of”意为“非常多的，大量的”;“be good for”意为“对……有好处”。这句话的意思为：我们可能都会想到产生很强影响力的公司，这对消费者来说可能会有好处。
4. This is putting pressure on resources all over the world.(这将给全世界的资源带来压力。)其中“put pressure on”意为“对……造成压力”。
5. More and more people see work as simply one part of their lifestyle, and not the most important one, and as the workforce is shrinking in some countries, businesses are having to compete for staff instead of being able to choose among a lot of applicants.(越来越多的人把工作仅视为生活的一部分，而且还不是最重要的那一部分。在一些国家，随着劳动力的缩减，公司再也无法从众多的申请者中挑选员工了，而是不得不为获得员工而进行竞争。)其中“see…as”意为“把……视为”;“compete for...”意为“为……竞争”。
6. ...something that has been made possible by...，其中“make sth. possible”意为“使……成为可能”。
7. In most of the world, the senior managers of large businesses are mainly men in their fifties and sixties. 其中“in one’s fifties/sixties”意为“五十多岁/六十多岁”，在“in one’s +年龄”中，这个年龄只能是20到90整十的复数形式，具体说几岁时则用at the age of。
8. ...to gain the freedom and control over their lives that they’re unlikely to get from being employed.其中“gain the freedom”意为“获得自由”;“control over one’s life”意为“掌控某人的生活”。
考题解析
Question 31 competition
听前预测：定位词为Business markets，提示词为greater，此处应填名词。
题目解析：本题的定位词与考点句在同一个句子中。“One area I want to mention is business markets, ... a major increase in competition, with companies from all round the world trying to sell similar products.(我想提到的一个领域是商业市场……全世界的公司卖着相似的产品，因而导致竞争更加激烈。)”所以要填competition。
Question 32 global
听前预测：定位词为power，提示词为large、companies，此处应填形容词。
题目解析：本题的定位词power出现在“...governments are actually losing power to major global corporations”中，政府“are losing power to global corporations”，反过来global companies的power就增长了，因此填global。
Question 33 demand
听前预测：提示词为rising，此处应填名词。
题目解析：本题的考点句为“... in the rapidly expanding economies, such as India, China, Brazil and Russia, demand is growing very fast”，这里growing是rising 的同义替换词，原文是说 demand is growing，也就是rising demand，从而得到答案demand。
Question 34 customers
听前预测：定位词为External influences，提示词为with，此处应填名词。
题目解析：依据External influences定位到接下来的一句话“... companies are consulting customers more and more before making their business decisions”，其中题干中的“before making business decisions”在原文中出现了，consulting则为discussion的同义替换词，从而可得出答案customers。
Question 35 regulation
听前预测：定位词为environmental concerns，提示词为more，此处应填名词。
题目解析：本题的出题句为“... concerns about the environment will force manufacturers to extend product lifecycles, to reduce the amount of pollution and waste. And in some cases, regulation will need to be strengthened.(对环境的担忧会迫使制造商延长产品的使用周期，降低污染和浪费。而在某些情况下，政府调控也有待加强。)”理解了这句话就很容易得出答案regulation。
Question 36 project
听前预测：定位词为Business structures、more teams、particular，提示词为a，此处就去填名词(单数)。
题目解析：本题的定位词Business structures对应structure of companies;particular对应specific。考点句为“I think we’re going to see a greater emphasis within companies on teams created with a specific project in mind”，其中specific project可以进行直接替换，因此填project。
Question 37 flexible
听前预测：定位词为hours，提示词为are，此处应填形容词。
题目解析：根据定位词定位至“Typical examples that will attract and retain staff are traditional ones like flexible hours.(灵活的工作时间是吸引和留住员工的一种传统手段。)”此题的考查点为定语前置，题干中修饰hours that are的定语在后，出题句中修饰hours的定语在前，这是雅思听力考试中一个比较常见并且有一定难度的考点，本题答案为flexible。
Question 38 leadership
听前预测：定位词为Management style、提示词为good，此处应填名词。
题目解析：定位词在考点句之前就出现了，根据“Above all they’ll need great skills in leadership”，可得答案 leadership。
Question 39 women
听前预测：定位词为changes，提示词为by，此处应填名词。
题目解析：本题根据“The predominant style of management will almost certainly become more consultative and collaborative, caused above all, by more women moving in to senior management positions”出题，虽然定位词changes没有直接出现，但可注意到become一词的出现，其中“senior management positions”意为“高层管理人员”，此题答案为women。
Question 40 self-employed
听前预测：定位词为intellectual property，提示词为workers，此处应填名词或形容词。
题目解析：本题空格位于“经济上的改变”的最后一项，可通过上面的intellectual property进行定位，当此点说完后便会进入下一点。定位至出题句“Instead, more and more people are becoming self-employed”,，很容易得到答案self-employed。
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